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. 2019 Mar 18;5(1):00190-2018. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00190-2018

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This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0.

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Venn diagram for the subjects enroled in this study. Sera from all subjects were sent to Niigata University Hospital and were judged to be positive for the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibody. Group A consisted of 702 cases whose sera were sent from across Japan between 2006 and 2016. Of this group, 43 cases enroled in Niigata prefecture between 2006 and 2016 were assigned to group B (which was thus entirely a subset of group A and consisted only of cases collected by an active survey in Niigata prefecture). Group C consisted of 103 cases who were diagnosed at Tohoku (n=38), Niigata (n=47) and Kyorin (n=18) University Hospitals, respectively and enroled between 1999 and 2017. Thirty-nine cases in group B belonged to group C, 84 cases in group C belonged to group A and 19 cases in group C did not belong to group A.