Table 1.
Characteristics of study population by level of lipid-adjusted pesticides (ng/g lipid).
| Frequency n (%) |
p,p’-DDE Median (IQR)* |
p,p’-DDT Median (IQR)* |
HCB Median (IQR)* |
β-HCH Median (IQR)* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 400 | 309.5 | 11.4 | 50.2 | 47.2 |
| (192.5, 496.0) | (8.1, 16.5) | (37.8, 63.5) | (34.6, 62.5) | ||
| Maternal age at delivery (yrs) | |||||
| < 25 | 78 | 178.0 | 9.0 | 36.4 | 33.7 |
| (19.5) | (135.0, 288.0) | (7.3, 11.6) | (31.0, 46.2) | (26.8, 40.7) | |
| 25–29 | 154 | 286.5 | 10.6 | 47.9 | 45.0 |
| (38.5) | (193.0, 422.0) | (8.3, 14.8) | (38.3, 59.0) | (35.4, 56.5) | |
| ≥30 | 168 | 451.0 | 14.7 | 59.9 | 57.3 |
| (42) | (283.0, 623.0) | (9.4, 19.9) | (45.1, 70.3) | (45.3, 74.5) | |
| Maternal education | |||||
| Low | 77 | 288.0 | 11.3 | 46.7 | 42.4 |
| (19.3) | (184.0, 446.0) | (7.6, 15.7) | (33.1, 62.7) | (32.7, 60.5) | |
| Medium | 128 | 257.0 | 9.9 | 45.1 | 41.6 |
| (32) | (164.0, 455.50 | (7.7, 14.6) | (36.1, 58.8) | (32.6, 54.6) | |
| High | 183 | 389.0 | 12.7 | 54.2 | 53.1 |
| (45.8) | (229.0, 541.0) | (8.6, 18.4) | (42.6, 67.3) | (40.9, 67.2) | |
| Missing | 12 | 276.5 | 9.9 | 45.9 | 47.7 |
| (3.0) | (176.0, 506.5) | (8.4, 17.7) | (33.7, 61.9) | (37.0, 76.5) | |
| Frequency n (%) |
p,p’-DDE(pg/g) Median (IQR) |
p,p’-DDT (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
HCB (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
β-HCH (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
|
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI (kg/m) | |||||
| < 18.5 | 15 | 326.0 | 11.2 | 40.8 | 47.9 |
| (3.8) | (176.0, 522.0) | (8.4, 13.2) | (30.8, 52.7) | (34.9, 63.5) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 263 | 331.0 | 10.6 | 50.8 | 47.5 |
| (65.8) | (198.0, 516.0) | (7.7, 16.2) | (37.8, 63.9) | (35.3, 64.8) | |
| 25–29.9 | 58 | 315.5 | 12.2 | 46.1 | 45.0 |
| (14.5) | (206.0, 478.0) | (9.6, 18.0) | (38.3, 65.1) | (34.1, 56.8) | |
| > 30 | 27 | 306.0 | 15.0 | 55.3 | 51.7 |
| (6.8) | (217.0, 599.0) | (11.2, 28.5) | (43.6, 68.0) | (33.6, 67.9) | |
| Missing | 37 | 243.0 | 11.1 | 47.2 | 41.1 |
| (9.3) | (160.0, 350.0) | (7.7, 14.1) | (33.4, 58.9) | (32.0, 55.0) | |
| Maternal Alcohol Use | |||||
| Yes | 181 | 331.0 | 12.7 | 53.7 | 50.3 |
| (45.3) | (213.0, 524.00 | (9.0, 17.3) | (39.6, 67.4) | (35.6, 67.2) | |
| No | 205 | 295.0 | 10.2 | 46.3 | 45.3 |
| (51.3) | (175.0, 482.0) | (7.7, 14.9) | (36.4, 59.8) | (33.6, 56.1) | |
| Missing | 14 | 241.5 | 9.9 | 43.2 | 40.7 |
| (3.5) | (160.0, 350.0) | (6.4, 22.9) | (31.8, 59.7) | (32.0, 66.2) | |
| Maternal Smoking Status | |||||
| Yes | 86 | 290.0 | 10.9 | 44.0 | 45.3 |
| (21.5) | (168.0, 412.0) | (8.0, 14.2) | (35.5, 62.1) | (34.6, 60.5) | |
| No | 301 | 331.0 | 11.6 | 50.9 | 47.5 |
| (75.3) | (205.0, 516.0) | (8.4, 17.0) | (39.4, 64.2) | (35.0, 63.1) | |
| Missing | 13 | 234.0 | 9.8 | 44.4 | 40.3 |
| (3.3) | (160.0, 339.0) | (6.4, 18.9) | (33.4, 59.7) | (32.0, 62.4) | |
| Frequency n (%) |
DDE(pg/g) Median (IQR) |
DDT (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
HCH (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
HCH (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
|
| Previous Live Birth | |||||
| Yes | 191 | 323.0 | 11.0 | 51.2 | 48.2 |
| (47.6) | (193.0, 509.0) | (7.8, 16.1) | (38.4, 62.2) | (34.9, 63.8) | |
| No | 193 | 308.0 | 11.6 | 50.2 | 46.9 |
| (48.3) | (198.0, 493.0) | (8.6, 17.7) | (37.9, 65.3) | (34.7, 60.3) | |
| Missing | 16 | 216.5 | 9.8 | 43.2 | 39.6 |
| (4.0) | (158.5, 314.0) | (5.9, 18.9) | (32.6, 60.4) | (30.2, 58.2) | |
| Low Birth Weight (< 2,500 g) | |||||
| Yes | 20 | 528.5 | 17.9 | 56.2 | 61.8 |
| (5.0) | (321.0, 994.0) | (8.0, 22.2) | (46.2, 75.5) | (52.7, 83.1) | |
| No | 380 | 302.5 | 11.1 | 49.9 | 46.0 |
| (95.0) | (186.5, 484.0) | (8.1, 16.1) | (37.2, 62.8) | (34.4, 60.4) | |
| Preterm Delivery (<37 wks gestation) | |||||
| Yes | 12 | 274.0 | 10.4 | 54.4 | 54.6 |
| (3.0) | (224.5, 638.5) | (10.0, 18.6) | (47.8, 69.5) | (43.0, 76.1) | |
| No | 388 | 311.0 | 11.4 | 49.9 | 46.9 |
| (97.0) | (189.0, 492.0) | (8.1, 16.5) | (37.5, 63.4) | (34.5, 61.5) | |
| Frequency n (%) |
DDE(pg/g) Median (IQR) |
DDT (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
HCH (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
HCH (pg/g) Median (IQR) |
|
| Breastfeeding Duration | |||||
| Never | 79 | 293.0 | 10.8 | 46.3 | 42.4 |
| (19.8) | (164.0, 472.0) | (8.0, 15.1) | (35.2, 59.6) | (34.1, 56.1) | |
| < 3 months | 98 | 293.5 | 11.5 | 51.8 | 45.8 |
| (24.5) | (203.0, 516.0) | (8.2, 15.0) | (40.2, 65.3) | (34.4, 59.5) | |
| 3–5 months | 61 | 337.0 | 12.7 | 50.8 | 48.9 |
| (15.3) | (219.0, 482.0) | (9.0, 20.4) | (40.2, 65.3) | (38.5, 63.8) | |
| ≥ 6 months | 158 | 318.5 | 11.2 | 49.8 | 50.0 |
| (39.5) | (198.0, 522.0) | (7.9, 17.3) | (36.6, 65.7) | (34.6, 67.0) | |
| Missing | 4 | 391.5 | 14.9 | 50.2 | 51.9 |
| (1.0) | (214.2, 458.0) | (10.5, 19.6) | (46.8, 75.8) | (46.7, 67.3) | |
*
IQR = interquartile range.