Table 2.
Associations with self-reported depression for all 292 T1D patients and gender specifically
| Depression (HADS ≥8p) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All N = 292 |
Men N = 162 |
Women N = 130 |
||||||||
| Controlled for antidepressants | Controlled for antidepressants | |||||||||
| No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| COR | P | AOR | P a | AOR | P a | AOR | P a | AOR | P a | |
| Gender (women) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.80 | 1.3 (0.6–3.0) | 0.48 | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) | 0.79 | – | – | – | – |
| Age (per year) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 0.081 | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 0.012 | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.028 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.22 | – | – |
| Diabetes duration (per year) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| High HbA1c (> 70 mmol/mol) | 2.6 (1.2–5.6) | 0.015 | 2.5 (1.1–5.5) | 0.025 | 2.1 (0.9–4.9) | 0.092 | – | – | 2.9 (0.8–10.2) | 0.098 |
| Total cholesterol (per mmol/l) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Triglycerides (per mmol/l) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.016 | 0.2 (0.05–0.6) | 0.007 | 0.2 (0.04–0.6) | 0.007 | – | – | 0.2 (0.03–1.2) | 0.083 |
| LDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.55 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hs-CRP c (per mg/l) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.49 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.3 (0.5–3.4) | 0.53 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) (4 weight classes) | – | 0.29 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| SBP (per mm Hg) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.95 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| DBP (per mm Hg) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.86 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hypoglycemia (severe episodes) | 1.6 (0.3–7.7) | 0.54 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Smoking | 2.0 (0.7–5.8) | 0.19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Physical inactivity (< 0.5 h/week) | 1.8 (0.6–5.0) | 0.29 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Physical activity (4 levels) | – | 0.52 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Clinical psychiatric diagnosis | 10.8 (4.7–24.8) | < 0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Antidepressants | 9.6 (3.7–24.6) | < 0.001 | – | – | 8.1 (3.0–21.9) | < 0.001 | 10.6 (2.8–40.3) | 0.001 | 5.8 (1.4–23.9) | 0.014 |
| LLD | 1.02 (0.5–2.2) | 0.96 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AHD | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 0.67 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Insulin and OAD | 0.5 (0.1–4.1) | 0.54 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
aMultiple logistic regression analysis (Backward: Wald). All (not controlled for antidepressants)/all (controlled for antidepressants)/men/women: Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: 0.912 / 0.376/0.265/0.921; Nagelkerke R Square: 0.121/0.223/0.132/0.236