Table 1.

A review of the literature.

Author (s)/year	Number of cases	Age	Sex	Comorbidity	Use of BPs	Concomitant drug	Treatment	Teriparatide	Outcome
Sayed-Noor and Sjödén [2]/2009	1	78	F	None	+	None	Osteosynthesis	−	At 5 months under observation
Curtin and Fehring [3]/2011	3	Case 1: 52 Case 2: 85 Case 3: 79	All cases female	All cases had RA	All cases used	All cases used PSL	All cases conservative	Cases 2 and 3 used teriparatide	Cases 1 and 2, at 6 months under observation; case 3, 6 months taken for bone union
Cross et al. [4]/2012	1	81	F	Scoliosis	+		Conservative	+	At 6 months under observation
Schaeffer et al. [5]/2012	1	79	F	None	+		Stem revision	−	At 5 months under observation
Chen and Bhattacharyya [6]/2012	1	81	F	None	+		Osteosynthesis	−	At 10 weeks under observation
Reb et al. [7]/2013	1	74	F	None	+		Stem revision	−	At 6 months under observation
Bhattacharyya et al. [8]/2014	1	72	F	RA, Parkinson's disease	+	PSL	Conservative	−	At 3 months under observation
Niikura et al. [9]/2015	1	69	F	IP	+	PSL	Osteosynthesis	−	6 months taken for bone union
Lee et al. [10]/2015	3	Case 1: 43 Case 2: 74 Case 3: 86	All cases female	Case 1: SLE	All cases used	Case 1 used PSL	Case 1: osteosynthesis and needed reoperation; case 2: osteosynthesis; case 3: osteosynthesis	All cases used teriparatide	Case 1 11 months taken for bone union; case 2 at 7 months under observation; case 3 at 8 months under observation
Wakayama et al. [11]/2015	1	68	F	RA	+	PSL	Osteosynthesis	+	4 months taken for bone union
Woo et al. [12]/2016	1	82	F	None	+		Osteosynthesis	+	10 months taken for bone union
Robinson et al. [13]/2016	10	80	1 M; 9 F	None	All cases used		All operate	−	Average time to union was 8 months
Bottai et al. [14]/2017	1	77	F	Polymyalgia rheumatica	+	PSL	Osteosynthesis and needed reoperation	+	9 months taken for bone union

M: male; F: female; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; IP: interstitial pneumonia; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; BPs: bisphosphonates; PSL: prednisolone.