Table 1.
Characteristics of the full Hispanic sample and Mexican-American, male, and female subsamples with significance testing between males and females, weighted National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 – 2003
| Full Hispanic sample (95% CI) |
Mexican- American (95% CI) |
Gender |
Gender differences |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (95% CI) |
Female (95% CI) |
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|
|
|
|
|
||
| N = 1,614 | N = 862 | N = 827 | N = 787 | ||
| Outcome variables | |||||
| Transition to sexual experience before age 18 |
65.9% (63.1 – 68.7) | 62.7% (58.5 – 66.8) | 69.5% (65.6 – 73.1) | 61.9% (57.7 – 66.0) | * |
| Contraceptive use at first sex | 72.6% (69.6-75.4) | 68.8% (64.5-72.8) | 72.9% (68.8-76.7) | 72.1% (67.7-76.2) | |
| Condom use at first sex | 60.8% (57.7 – 64.0) | 57.7% (53.2 −62.1) | 57.5% 53.0 – 61.8) | 64.7% 60.1 – 69.1) | * |
| Consistent contraceptive use at age 17 | 52.2% (47.5 – 56.8) | 45.5% (38.9 – 52.2) | 56.2% (49.9 – 62.4) | 47.5% (40.7 – 54.3) | |
| Consistent condom use at age 17 | 44.9% (40.2 – 49.6) | 43.1% (36.4 – 50.1) | 54.5% (48.1 −60.8) | 34.4% (28.2 – 41.1) | *** |
| Transition to a live birth before age 20 | 19.5% (17.1 – 22.3) | 19.7% (16.5 – 23.2) | 12.1% (9.5 – 15.3) | 28.2% (24.8 – 32.8) | *** |
| Multiple live births | 8.5% (6.9 – 10.4) | 13.0% (10.2 – 16.5) | 5.2% (3.5 – 7.5) | 12.3% (9.6 – 15.6) | *** |
| Immigration measures | |||||
| Generation status | * | ||||
| 1st generation | 14.9% (10.3 – 18.3) | 16.5% (13.8 – 19.7) | 13.9% (10.3 – 18.8) | 16.1% (12.5 – 20.9) | |
| 2nd generation | 38.4% (33.9 – 43.3) | 45.4% (41.2 – 49.6) | 39.7% (32.7 – 46.6) | 36.9% (30.7 – 44.3) | |
| 3rd generation | 46.7% (43.6 – 49.7) | 38.1% (34.1 – 42.3) | 46.4% (42.2 – 50.6) | 47.0% (42.6 – 51.5) | |
| Language status | |||||
| Youth interview conducted in Spanish |
3.9% (2.9 – 5.1) | 6.4% (4.7 – 8.7) | 3.6% (2.4 – 5.4) | 4.1% (2.9 – 6.0) | |
| Parental interview conducted in Spanish |
16.1% (14.1 – 18.2) | 24.2% (21.0 – 27.8) | 16.8% (14.1 – 19.9) | 15.2% (12.6 – 18.2) | |
| Responding parent speaks a second language at home |
46.6% (43.6 – 49.6) | 47.8% (4.6 – 52.0) | 47.7% (43.6 – 51.9) | 45.3% (41.0 – 49.7) | |
| Youth and responding parent speak only English |
33.5% (30.6 – 36.4) | 21.6% (18.2 – 25.5) | 31.9% (28.0 – 35.9) | 35.3% (31.2 – 39.7) | |
| Country of origin | |||||
| Mexico | 46.0% (43.1 – 49.0) | – | 44.6% (40.6 – 48.7) | 47.6% (43.3 – 51.9) | |
| Puerto Rico | 9.3%(7.6 – 11.3) | – | 9.8% (7.4 – 12.7) | 8.8% (6.5 – 11.8) | |
| Cuba | 4.1% (3.1 – 5.4) | – | 5.3% (3.7 – 7.4) | 2.8% (1.8 – 4.5) | |
| Central/South America | 10.6% (8.3 – 13.6) | – | 10.4% (7.3 – 14.6) | 11.0% (7.8 – 15.5) | |
| Other | 29.9% (26.4 – 33.8) | – | 30.0% (25.5 – 35.4) | 29.9% (25.1 – 35.6) | |
| Covariates | |||||
| Individual characteristics | |||||
| Male | 53.1% (56.0 – 50.1) | 51.5% (47.2 – 55.7) | – | – | |
| Age at baseline (12/31/1996) | |||||
| 12 | 20.4% (18.1 – 22.9) | 20.2% (17.1- 23.7) | 18.8% (15.9 – 21.1) | 22.2% (18.8 – 26.1) | |
| 13 | 20.8% (18.5 – 23.3) | 21.0% (17.6 – 24.7) | 19.2% (16.2 – 22.5) | 22.6% (19.1 – 26.5) | |
| 14 | 19.3% (17.0 – 21.8) | 19.6% (16.5 – 23.1) | 18.7% (15.7 – 22.2) | 19.9% (16.7 – 23.7) | |
| 15 | 20.8% (18.5 – 23.3) | 21.5% (18.3 – 25.2) | 22.6% (19.3 – 26.3) | 18.7% (15.7 – 22.1) | |
| 16 | 18.8% (16.4 – 21.3) | 17.8% (14.7 – 21.3) | 20.7% (17.4 – 24.5) | 16.6% (13.5 – 20.2) | |
| Family/ household characteristics | |||||
| Family structure | |||||
| Two biological/adoptive parents | 57.4% (54.4 – 60.3) | 60.7% (56.4 – 64.8) | 59.5% (55.4 – 63.4) | 55.1% (50.7 – 59.4) | |
| Single biological/adoptive parent | 32.0% (29.3 – 34.9) | 30.5% (26.6 – 34.6) | 30.8%(27.1 – 34.7) | 33.4% (29.4 – 37.6) | |
| Biological parent and other parent | 10.6% (8.9 – 12.6) | 8.9% (6.7 – 11.7) | 9.8% (7.6 – 12.4) | 11.5% (9.0 – 14.7) | |
| Highest school grade completed by parenta | |||||
| Less than high school | 31.1% (28.4 – 33.9) | 48.2% (43.9 – 52.5) | 30.8% (27.2 – 34.7) | 31.3% (27.5 – 35.5) | |
| High school | 30.2% (27.4 – 33.1) | 26.0% (22.3 – 30.0) | 29.1% (25.4 – 33.1) | 31.3% (27.3 – 35.7) | |
| At least some college | 38.8% (38.8 – 41.9) | 25.9% (22.3 – 29.9) | 40.1% (35.9 – 44.3) | 37.4% (33.1 – 41.8) | |
| Respondent’s mother had a live birth before age 20 |
29.7% (27.0 – 32.5) | 34.3% (30.3 – 38.5) | 29.3% (25.7 – 33.2) | 30.1% (26.3 – 34.3) | |
| Average annual household income (in $10,000)b |
3.63 (3.4 – 3.8) | 3.15 (2.9 – 3.4) | 3.60 (3.3 – 3.9) | 3.66 (3.3 – 4.0) | |
| Number of siblings | |||||
| 0–1 | 33.5% (30.7 – 36.4) | 25.7% (22.2 – 29.5) | 33.5% (29.7 – 37.6) | 33.5% (29.5 – 37.8) | |
| 2 | 26.8% (24.2 – 29.6) | 23.9% (20.4 – 27.8) | 25.9% (22.4 – 29.7) | 27.8% (24.0 – 32.0) | |
| 3 | 17.6% (15.4 – 20.0) | 21.3% (18.1 – 25.0) | 19.2% (16.2 – 22.7) | 15.7% (12.9 – 19.1) | |
| 4+ | 22.1% (19.8 – 24.6) | 29.1% (25.5 – 33.0) | 21.4% (18.3 – 24.8) | 23.0% (19.6 – 26.6) | |
| Rural | 10.3% (8.6 – 12.3) | 9.7% (7.5 – 12.5) | 11.0% (8.7 – 13.9) | 9.5% (7.1 – 12.5) | |
| Urban | 87.4% (85.2 – 89.3) | 86.7% (83.5 – 89.3) | 86.6% (83.5 – 89.1) | 88.3% (85.0 – 90.9) | |
| Unknown | 2.3% (1.6 – 3.4) | 3.6% (2.3 – 5.7) | 2.4% (1.5 – 3.9) | 2.2% (1.2 – 4.2) | |
| Census region | |||||
| Northeast | 14.0% (12.2 – 16.2) | 1.6% (.8 – 3.1) | 14.3% (11.8 – 17.4) | 13.7% (11.1 – 16.8) | |
| North Central | 12.3% (10.3 – 14.7) | 11.5% (8.8 – 14.8) | 12.8% (10.1 – 16.2) | 11.8% (8.9 – 15.5) | |
| South | 30.3% (27.7 – 33.1) | 27.5% (24.0 – 31.3) | 32.3% (28.6 – 36.3) | 28.0% (24.3 – 32.0) | |
| West | 43.3% (40.4 – 46.3) | 59.4% (55.2 – 63.5) | 40.5% (36.5 – 44.6) | 46.5% (42.2 – 50.9) | |
| Total | 1,614 | 862 | 827 | 787 | |
*
p < .05
***
p < 001.
a
Parental education measured for biological parent with higher level of education.
b
More than 5% of respondents had missing data on income (19%). In all analyses, for missing data we substituted the mean or mode of the nonmissing values. For these cases, we also included a flag variable to indicate missing data in the multivariate models.