Table 4.
Associations between alcohol consumption behaviors and emotional distress symptoms among survivors
| Depression | Anxiety | Somatization | Posttraumatic Stress | Persistent/Increasing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1: Age at drinking initiation (<18 years) | |||||
| <18 years | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
| ≥18 years | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Physical health | |||||
| Good, very good, excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Poor, fair | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 3.0 (2.3–4.0) | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) |
| Cancer-related pain | |||||
| None, small amount | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium amount, a lot, very bad | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) |
| Radiation | |||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-cranial | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| CRT ≤ 20Gy | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| CRT > 20Gy | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
| Model 2: Heavy/risky drinking (baseline) | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Physical health | |||||
| Good, very good, excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Poor, fair | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 3.2 (3.4–4.3) | 3.5 (3.0–4.3) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 2.3 (1.8–2.8) |
| Cancer-related pain | |||||
| None, small amount | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium amount, a lot, very bad | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) |
| Radiation | |||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-cranial | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| CRT ≤ 20Gy | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| CRT > 20Gy | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Model 3: Persistent heavy/risky drinking | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Physical health | |||||
| Good, very good, excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Poor, fair | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 3.2 (2.4–4.3) | 3.6 (3.0–4.3) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) |
| Cancer-related pain | |||||
| None, small amount | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium amount, a lot, very bad | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 2.2 (1.9–2.7) | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
| Radiation | |||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-cranial | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| CRT ≤ 20Gy | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| CRT > 20Gy | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Abbreviations: RR=relative risk; CI=confidence interval; CRT=cranial radiation therapy. Separate models presented for age at drinking initiation, heavy/risky drinking, persistent heavy/risk drinking. All models adjusted for race, age at diagnosis, age at follow-up, educational attainment, and employment status. Bold font denotes statistical significance at P ≤ 0.0