Table 2.
Quantitative analyses of the soleus muscle from WT and VAChT-KDHOM mice.
| Soleus | WT | VAChT-KDHOM | Statistics (p < 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole muscle area (mm2) |
1.45 ± 0.12 | 1.5 ± 0.09 | NS |
| Total number of fibers | 856.2 ± 22.8 | 730.3 ± 28.19* | p = 0.009 |
| Mean fibers CSA (μm2) | 1525 ± 45.4 | 1777 ± 51.1* | p = 0.005 |
| Type 1 CSA (μm2) | 1691 ± 75.6 | 1960 ± 92.3* | p = 0.04 |
| Type 2A CSA (μm2) | 1349 ± 11.6 | 1745 ± 54.4* | P < 0.0001 |
| Type 2X CSA (μm2) | 1652 ± 109.1 | 1727 ± 55.7 | NS |
| % of type 1 | 34.8 ± 2.7 | 43.8 ± 1.03* | p = 0.007 |
| % of Type 2A | 54.1 ± 2.4 | 46.5 ± 1.8* | p = 0.03 |
| % of Type 2X | 11.1 ± 2.4 | 9.7 ± 2.01 | NS |
| Molecular markers (2−ΔΔCT) | WT | VAChT-KDHOM | Statistics (p < 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atrogin-1 | 0.0055 ± 0.0009 | 0.0094 ± 0.0009* | p = 0.02 |
| MuRF-1 | 0.0122 ± 0.0015 | 0.0173 ± 0.001* | p = 0.02 |
| Pax-7 | 0.0005 ± 0.00008 | 0.00146 ± 0.0001* | p = 0.0008 |
| MyoD | 0.0002 ± 0.00002 | 0.0004 ± 0.00002* | p = 0.001 |
| Myogenin | 0.0008 ± 0.0001 | 0.001 ± 0.0001 | NS# |
| PGCl-α | 0.0038 ± 0.0003 | 0.0081 ± 0.001* | p = 0.004# |
| MTND1 | 8.39 ± 0.76 | 13.04 ± 0.89* | p = 0.003 |
Statistical analysis was deployed to compare morphological differences between 6 WT and 7 VAChT-KDHOM mice. The average whole muscle area and variability was compared between genotypes. For individual muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis, we evaluated a total of 2835 muscle fibers per genotype: 1104 for type 1, 1186 for type 2A, and 397 for type 2X. Values represent Mean ± SEM. Unpaired Student’s t-test was applied after the data was analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. Molecular analysis was performed in 6 WT and 6 VAChT-KDHOM mice.
*
Statistically different from WT mice.
#
Mann-Whitney test for non-Gaussian data set. NS: Not Significant.