Table 1.

The active quinolone and quinazoline alkaloids^a

No.	Compound	Activity	Reference
1	Quinine	Anti-tumor activity	93
		Antimalarial activity	2,3,166,167
		Trypanocidal activity	108
2	Camptothecin	Anti-tumor activity	6,60–64
3	Vasicine	Antifeedant activity	215
		Cardiovascular protective activity	281
		Bronchodilator activity	332
		Oxytocic activity	340
4	Febrifugine	Antimalarial activity	176–186
		Trypanocidal activity	219
28	Quinidine	Anti-tumor activity	91,92
		Antiarrhythmic activity	256–266
		Effect on CYP3A4	323
29	Zanthosimuline	Anti-tumor activity	94
30	Huajiaosimuline	Anti-tumor activity	94,95
		Antiplatelet activity	95
31	Flindersine	Anti-tumor activity	96,97
		Anti-bacterial activity	228
		Anti-fungal activity	244
		SRS-A antagonist	333
32	Haplamine	Anti-tumor activity	97
		Anti-fungal activity	244
33	γ-Fagarine	Anti-tumor activity	100,121
		Antiplatelet activity	95
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Anti-HIV activity	284
		Mutagenicity	336
		Estrogenic activity	341
34	Skimmianine	Anti-tumor activity	98,100
		Antimalarial activity	173
		Anti-leishmania activity	199
		Trypanocidal activity	200
		Anti-bacterial activity	228
		Anti-fungal activity	245
		Antiplatelet activity	95,269–272
		Cardiovascular protective activity	273,275
		Antagonists at the 5-HT2 receptor site	307
		Mutagenicity	335
		Estrogenic activity	341
35	Haplopine	Anti-tumor activity	97
		Antimalarial activity	173
		Anti-bacterial activity	228
		Antiplatelet activity	95
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Anti-HIV activity	284
		Estrogenic activity	341
36	Evolitrine	Anti-tumor activity	98
		Antifeedant activity	201
		Antiplatelet activity	269–272
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Antiviral activity	292
		Anti-inflammatory activity	293
37	Kokusaginine	Anti-tumor activity	98
		Antimalarial activity	173
		Trypanocidal activity	200
		Insecticidal activity	203,204
		Anti-bacterial activity	228
		Anti-fungal activity	245
		Antiplatelet activity	269–272
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Antagonists at the 5-HT2 receptor site	307
38	Maculosidine	Anti-tumor activity	98
39	2,3-Methylenedioxy-4,7-dimethoxyquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	98
40	Dictamnine	Anti-tumor activity	99,100
		Antifeedant activity	201,202
		Anti-fungal activity	245,246
		Antiplatelet activity	267,269–272
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Antiviral activity	292
		Mutagenicity	335
41	Graveoline	Anti-tumor activity	99
		Herbicidal activity	314
42	Maculine	Anti-tumor activity	101
		Anti-fungal activity	245
43	5-Methoxymaculine	Anti-tumor activity	101
44	5,8-Dimethoxymaculine	Anti-tumor activity	101
45	4,5,6,7,8-Pentamethoxyfuroquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	101
46	Flindersiamine	Anti-tumor activity	101
		Anti-bacterial activity	227
		Anti-fungal activity	245
47	7-(2′-Hydroxy-3′chloroprenyloxy)-4-methoxy-furoquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	102
48	7-(2′,3′-Epoxyprenyloxy)-4-methoxyfuroquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	102
49	Pteleine	Anti-tumor activity	103
		Antiplatelet activity	269–272
50	(+)-7,8-Dimethoxymyrtopsine	Anti-tumor activity	102,103
51	Medicosmine	Anti-tumor activity	104
52	Jineol	Anti-tumor activity	105
		Anti-oxidant activity	329
53	3,8-Dimethoxyquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	105
54	3,8-Diacetoxyquinoline	Anti-tumor activity	105
55	Senepodine A	Anti-tumor activity	106
56	7-Hydroxy-4-[5′-hydroxymethylfuran-2′-yl]-2-quinolone	Anti-tumor activity	107
57	Acetylcupreine	Anti-tumor activity	108
		Insecticidal activity	108
58	3,3-Diisopentenyl-N-methyl2,4-quinoldione	Anti-tumor activity	109
59	Cuspareine	Anti-tumor activity	110
		Antimalarial activity	110
60	Galipeine	Anti-tumor activity	110
		Antimalarial activity	110
61	Galipinine	Anti-tumor activity	110
		Antimalarial activity	110
62	Angustureine	Anti-tumor activity	110
		Antimalarial activity	110
63	Asimicilone	Anti-tumor activity	111
64	Lepadin A	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
65	Lepadin B	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
66	Lepadin C	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
67	Lepadin D	Antimalarial activity	112,113
		Trypanocidal activity	112,113
		Anti-fungal activity	112,113
68	Lepadin E	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
		Antimalarial activity	112,113
		Trypanocidal activity	112,113
		Anti-fungal activity	112,113
69	Lepadin F	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
		Antimalarial activity	112,113
		Trypanocidal activity	112,113
		Anti-fungal activity	112,113
70	Lepadin G	Anti-tumor activity	112,113
71	Benzastatin C	Neuroprotective activity	114,115
		Anti-oxidant activity	114,115
72	Benzastatin D	Neuroprotective activity	114,115
		Anti-oxidant activity	114,115
73	(−)-SW-163C	Anti-tumor activity	116,117
74	(−)-SW-163E	Anti-tumor activity	116,117
75	3S*,4R*-Dihydroxy-4-(4′methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone	Anti-tumor activity	118
76	3R*,4R*-Dihydroxy-4-(4′methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone	Anti-tumor activity	118
77	Peniprequinolone	Anti-tumor activity	118
		Nematicidal activity	210
78	Aspernigerin	Anti-tumor activity	119
79	(+)-Quinocitrinine A	Anti-tumor activity	120
		Anti-bacterial activity	120
80	(−)-Quinocitrinine B	Anti-tumor activity	120
		Anti-bacterial activity	120
81	Isodictamnine	Anti-tumor activity	121
82	Iso-γ-fagarine	Anti-tumor activity	121
83	Luzopeptin A	Anti-tumor activity	121–126
		Anti-HIV activity	286
84	Luzopeptin B	Anti-tumor activity	121–126
		Anti-HIV activity	286
85	Luzopeptin C	Anti-tumor activity	121–126
		Anti-HIV activity	286
86	Streptonigrin	Anti-tumor activity	127
87	7-(1-Methyl-2-oxopropyl)streptonigrin	Anti-tumor activity	127
88	BE-22179	Anti-tumor activity	128,129,132,133
89	Thiocoraline	Anti-tumor activity	130–133
		Anti-bacterial activity	240
90	Confusadine	Anti-tumor activity	134
		Antiplatelet activity	274
91	Furomegistine I	Anti-tumor activity	135
92	Furomegistine II	Anti-tumor activity	135
93	Megistosarconine	Anti-tumor activity	136
94	Cyclomegistine	Anti-tumor activity	137
95	4-Carbomethoxy-6-hydroxy2-quinolone	Anti-tumor activity	138
		Anti-oxidant activity	330
96	Viridicatin	Anti-tumor activity	139
97	Viridicatol	Anti-tumor activity	139,140
98	Fumiquinazoline A	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
99	Fumiquinazoline B	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
100	Fumiquinazoline C	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
101	Fumiquinazoline D	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
102	Fumiquinazoline E	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
103	Fumiquinazoline F	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
104	Fumiquinazoline G	Anti-tumor activity	141,142
105	(−)-Spiroquinazoline	Anti-tumor activity	143
106	Luotonin A	Anti-tumor activity	144–146
107	Luotonin B	Anti-tumor activity	144–146
108	Luotonin E	Anti-tumor activity	144–146
109	Luotonin F	Anti-tumor activity	144–146
110	Deoxyvasicine	Anti-tumor activity	148
		Anticholinesterase activity	309
111	Tryptanthrin	Anti-tumor activity	152–155
		Antimalarial activity	187,188
		Trypanocidal activity	217
		Antifeedant activity	216
		Anti-bacterial activity	253,254
		Anti-inflammatory activity	298,299
112	Qingdainone	Anti-tumor activity	152
113	3-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone	Anti-tumor activity	156
114	1-Methoxy-7,8-dehydrorutaecarpine	Anti-tumor activity	157
115	Rutaecarpine	Anti-tumor activity	157
		Antiplatelet activity	277
		Anti-inflammatory activity	306
		Effect on CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1	318–322
116	1-Hydroxyrutaecarpine	Anti-tumor activity	157
		Antiplatelet activity	277
117	Samoquasine A	Anti-tumor activity	158–161
118	2-Acetyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone	Anti-tumor activity	162,163
		Anti-HIV activity	162,163
119	2-n-Propylquinoline	Antimalarial activity	172
		Anti-leishmania activity	192–196
		Trypanocidal activity	197
		Molluscicidal activity	198
		Antiviral activity	289–291
120	2-Pentylquinoline	Antimalarial activity	172
		Anti-leishmania activity	192–196
		Trypanocidal activity	197
		Molluscicidal activity	198
		Antiviral activity	289–291
121	Chimanine B	Antimalarial activity	172
		Anti-leishmania activity	192–195
122	Chimanine D	Antimalarial activity	172
		Anti-leishmania activity	192–195
		Antiviral activity	289–291
123	4-Methoxy-2phenylquinoline	Antimalarial activity	172
124	2-(3,4- Methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline	Antimalarial activity	172
		Anti-leishmania activity	192–195
		Molluscicidal activity	198
		Antiviral activity	289–291
125	Acronycidine	Antimalarial activity	173
126	Acronydine	Antimalarial activity	173
127	Veprisine	Antimalarial activity	174
		SRS-A antagonists	333
128	N-Methylpreskimmianine	Antimalarial activity	174
129	2-Nonyl-4-(1H)-quinolone	Antimalarial activity	175
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
130	2-Undecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone	Antimalarial activity	175
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
131	2-(Undec-1-enyl)quinolin4-(1H)-one	Antimalarial activity	175
132	Isofebrifugine	Antimalarial activity	176–186
133	Quinazolin-4-(3H)-one	Antimalarial activity	181
		Bronchodilator activity	331,332
134	2-Methoxyrutaecarpine	Effect on CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1	318
136	5,8,13,14-Tetrahydro-2methoxy-14-methyl-5oxo-7H-indolo[2′,3′:3,4]-pyrido[2,1b] quinazolin-6-ium chloride	Antimalarial activity	174
137	(−)-Janoxepin	Antimalarial activity	189
138	Cusparine	Anti-leishmania activity	199
140	rel-(7R,8R)-8-[(E)-3-hydroxy3-methyl-1-butenyl]-4,8-dimethoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]quinoline-7-yl acetate	Trypanocidal activity	200
141	Evocarpine	Insecticidal activity	204
		Anti-bacterial activity	222,223,225
		Cardiovascular protective activity	276
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
		Hypolipidaemic activity	328
142	Dihydroevocarpine	Insecticidal activity	204
		Anti-bacterial activity	222
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
		Hypolipidaemic activity	328
143	Antidesmone	Trypanocidal activity	205
144	N-Methyl-2-nonylquinolin-4(1H)-one	Trypanocidal activity	206
145	N-Methyl-2-hexylquinolin-4(1H)-on	Trypanocidal activity	206
146	Atanine	Antiparasitic and anthelmintic activity	207
147	Quinolactacide	Insecticidal activity	208,209
148	Penigequinolone A	Nematicidal activity	210
		Herbicidal activity	315
149	Penigequinolone B	Nematicidal activity	210
		Herbicidal activity	315
150	3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-4-(4′-methoxyphenyl)quinolinone	Nematicidal activity	210
151	3-Methoxy-4,6-dihydroxy-4- (4′-methoxyphenyl)quinolinone	Nematicidal activity	210
152	Leiokinine A	Antifeedant activity	211
153	Leiokinine A	Antifeedant activity	211
154	3,4-Dihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid	Antifeedant activity	212
155	(−)-Yaequinolone J1	Insecticidal activity	213
156	(−)-Yaequinolone J2	Insecticidal activity	213
157	3-Methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-4- (4′-methoxyphenyl)quinolinone	Insecticidal activity	214
158	Vasicinone	Antifeedant activity	215
		Bronchodilator activity	331
159	Vasicinol	Antifeedant activity	215
160	(+)-Nα-Quinaldyl-L-arginine	Antifeedant activity	218
161	1,3-Dimethylquinazoline2,4-dione	Insecticidal activity	220,221
162	1-Methyl-2-pentadecyl4(1H)-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	222
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
163	1-Methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	222,225
		Cardiovascular protective activity	276
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
		Hypolipidaemic activity	328
164	1-Methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	222,225
		Cardiovascular protective activity	276
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
		Hypolipidaemic activity	328
165	1-Methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinoline	Anti-bacterial activity	222,225
		Immunomodulatory activity	297
166	1-Methyl-2-[(Z)-7tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	223
167	1-Methyl-2-(6Z)-6undecenyl-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	225
168	2,3-Dimethyl-4-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	226
169	Megistoquinone I	Anti-bacterial activity	230
170	Megistoquinone II	Anti-bacterial activity	230
172	3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one	Anti-bacterial activity	231
173	Quinoline-4-carbaldehyde	Anti-bacterial activity	232,233
		Anti-fungal activity	249
174	3-Methyl-2-(non-2enyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one	Anti-bacterial activity	234,235
175	2-(2-Heptenyl)-3-methyl-4(lH)-quinolone	Anti-bacterial activity	234,235
		Anti-fungal activity	249
176	YM-30059	Anti-bacterial activity	236
177	Aurachin A	Anti-bacterial activity	237
		Effect on cytochrome	316,317
178	Aurachin B	Anti-bacterial activity	237
		Effect on cytochrome	316,317
179	Aurachin C	Anti-bacterial activity	237
		Effect on cytochrome	316,317
180	Aurachin D	Anti-bacterial activity	237
		Effect on cytochrome	316,317
181	Helquinoline	Anti-bacterial activity	238
182	CJ-13136	Anti-bacterial activity	239
183	CJ-13217	Anti-bacterial activity	239
184	CJ-13536	Anti-bacterial activity	239
185	(−)-CJ-13564	Anti-bacterial activity	239
186	CJ-13565	Anti-bacterial activity	239
187	CJ-13566	Anti-bacterial activity	239
188	(+)-CJ-13567	Anti-bacterial activity	239
189	(−)-CJ-13568	Anti-bacterial activity	239
190	Sch 40832	Anti-bacterial activity	241
191	2-Heptylquinolin-4-ol	Anti-bacterial activity	242
192	2-Pentylquinolin-4-ol	Anti-bacterial activity	242
193	trans-Decahydroquinoline 243A	Anti-bacterial activity	243
194	Anhydroevoxine	Anti-fungal activity	244
195	Platydesmine	Anti-fungal activity	245
		Anti-HIV activity	284
196	1-Methyl-2-[6′-(3′′,4′′-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone	Anti-fungal activity	247
197	Distomadine B	Anti-fungal activity	248
198	Distomadine A	Anti-fungal activity	248
199	4-Hydroxymethylquinoline	Anti-fungal activity	249
200	Quinoline-4-carbaldoxime	Anti-fungal activity	249
201	Quinoline-4-carboxylic acid	Anti-fungal activity	249
202	N-Mercapto-4-formylcarbostyril	Anti-fungal activity	250
203	Virantmycin	Anti-fungal activity	251,252
		Antiviral activity	251,252
204	Fumiquinazoline H	Anti-bacterial activity	255
205	Fumiquinazoline I	Anti-bacterial activity	255
206	Simulenoline	Antiplatelet activity	95
207	Benzosimuline	Antiplatelet activity	95
208	Zanthobungeanine	Antiplatelet activity	95
209	Robustine	Antiplatelet activity	95
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
210	Edulitine	Antiplatelet activity	95
211	4-Methoxy-1-methylquinolin-2-one	Antiplatelet activity	268
		Anti-HIV activity	284
212	Confusameline	Antiplatelet activity	269–272
		Cardiovascular protective activity	275
		Antagonists at the 5-HT2 receptor site	307
213	1-Methoxyrutaecarpine	Antiplatelet activity	277
214	Acrophyllidine	Cardiovascular protective activity	278
215	Evodiamine	Anti-inflammatory activity	297
		Vasodilatory effect	279
216	Dehydroevodiamine	Vasodilatory effect	279
217	Uranidine	Anti-HIV activity	282
218	Buchapine	Anti-HIV activity	283
219	3-Prenyl-4-prenyloxyquinolin-2-one	Anti-HIV activity	283
220	Sandramycin	Anti-HIV activity	285
221	Orixalone A	Anti-inflammatory activity	294
222	Quinolactacin A1	Anti-inflammatory activity	295,296
		Anticholinesterase activity	310
223	Quinolactacin A1	Anti-inflammatory activity	295,296
		Anticholinesterase activity	310
224	Quinolactacin B	Anti-inflammatory activity	295,296
225	Quinolactacin C	Anti-inflammatory activity	295,296
226	Isaindigotone	Anti-inflammatory activity	304
227	Quinazoline-2,4-dione	Anti-inflammatory activity	305
		Antihypertensive activity	305
228	Goshuyuamide II	Anti-inflammatory activity	306
229	Pteleprenine	Agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors	308
230	Dictyoquinazol A	Cortical neurons protective activity	312
231	Dictyoquinazol B	Cortical neurons protective activity	312
232	Dictyoquinazol C	Cortical neurons protective activity	312
233	Fiscalin A	Inhibition of the binding of substance P	313
234	Fiscalin B	Inhibition of the binding of substance P	313
235	Fiscalin C	Inhibition of the binding of substance P	313
236	Circumdatin H	Effect on the respiratory chain	324
237	Circumdatin E	Effect on the respiratory chain	324
238	FR225659	Hypoglycemic activity	325–327
239	239	Hypoglycemic activity	325–327
240	240	Hypoglycemic activity	325–327
241	241	Hypoglycemic activity	325–327
242	242	Hypoglycemic activity	325–327
243	2,8-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyquinoline	Anti-oxidant activity	329
244	N-Methylflindersine	SRS-A antagonists	333
245	2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone	Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase	338
246	Eduline	Effect on muscle	339
247	Japonine	Effect on muscle	339

^aCompounds 5–27 are CPT analogs and are not specifically listed in this table.