TABLE 2. Average annual estimates of emergency department visits for all nonfatal traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged <18 years, by type of activity — National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program, United States, 2010–2016.
| Activity | No* (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Males | Females | |
|
Contact sports
|
126,964 (96,564–157,364) |
99,784 (76,521–123,047) |
27,180 (19,449–34,911) |
| Football |
53,657 (42,998–64,316) |
52,088 (41,640–62,536) |
1,570 (1,197–1,943) |
| Basketball |
29,675 (22,497–36,853) |
19,057 (14,303–23,811) |
10,617 (8,074–13,160) |
| Soccer |
23,847 (15,107–32,587) |
12,177 (7,972–16,382) |
11,670 (7,011–16,329) |
| Hockey† |
8,110§ (2,210–14,010)§ |
6,697§ (1,271–12,123)§ |
1,412 (642–2,182) |
| Combative sports¶ |
6,798 (4,898–8,698) |
6,372 (4,539–8,205) |
426 (274–578) |
| Miscellaneous contact ball games** |
4,877 (3,051–6,703) |
3,392 (2,076–4,708) |
1,485 (916–2,054) |
|
Limited contact sports
|
56,423 (42,674–70,172) |
29,080 (21,405–36,755) |
27,343 (20,782–33,904) |
| Baseball |
14,208 (10,501–17,915) |
11,888 (8,671–15,105) |
2,320 (1,749–2,891) |
| Gymnastics†† |
8,008 (5,609–10,407) |
723 (482–964) |
7,284 (5,049–9,519) |
| Skateboarding |
6,857 (3,714–10,000) |
5,618 (2,881–8,355) |
1,239 (728–1,750) |
| Softball |
5,675 (3,898–7,452) |
521 (309–733) |
5,155 (3,532–6,778) |
| Trampolining |
4,906 (3,276–6,536) |
2,976 (2,034–3,918) |
1,930 (1,174–2,686) |
| Horseback riding |
3,427 (2,222–4,632) |
605§ (234–976)§ |
2,822 (1,897–3,747) |
| Volleyball |
3,268 (2,549–3,987) |
439 (262–616) |
2,829 (2,217–3,441) |
| Ice skating |
2,227 (1,297–3,157) |
1,180 (696–1,664) |
1,047 (546–1,548) |
| In-line/Roller skating |
2,041 (1,328–2,754) |
1,048 (630–1,466) |
993 (616–1,370) |
| Other limited contact sports§§ |
5,806§ (2,280–9,332)§ |
4,081§ (1,566–6,596)§ |
1,725§ (674–2,776)§ |
|
Noncontact sports
|
68,684 (52,391–84,977) |
44,848 (34,335–55,361) |
23,836 (17,995–29,677) |
| Playground |
27,350 (19,582–35,118) |
16,095 (11,697–20,493) |
11,255 (7,831–14,679) |
| Bicycling |
25,955 (19,985–31,925) |
19,880 (15,333–24,427) |
6,075 (4,539–7,611) |
| Swimming |
6,796 (5,131–8,461) |
3,754 (2,685–4,823) |
3,042 (2,303–3,781) |
| Exercise |
5,030 (3,820–6,240) |
3,054 (2,294–3,814) |
1,976 (1,380–2,572) |
| Golf¶¶ |
1,748 (1,126–2,370) |
1,084 (712–1,456) |
665 (352–978) |
| Track and field |
1,074 (683–1,465) |
571 (313–829) |
503 (300–706) |
| Racquet sports*** |
570 (342–798) |
298 (151–445) |
272 (147–397) |
| Bowling |
160§ (71–249)§ |
113§ (40–186)§ |
47§ (3–91)§ |
|
Recreation
|
31,447 (24,905–37,989) |
20,628 (16,543–24,713) |
10,819 (8,256–13,382) |
| Scooter riding |
5,711 (3,903–7,519) |
3,811 (2,539–5,083) |
1,900 (1,282–2,518) |
| All-terrain vehicle riding |
4,702 (2,339–7,065) |
3,046 (1,583–4,509) |
1,656 (723–2,589) |
| Amusement attractions††† |
2,989 (2,043–3,935) |
1,633 (1,136–2,130) |
1,356 (817–1,895) |
| Tobogganing/Sledding |
2,988 (2,079–3,897) |
1,793 (1,215–2,371) |
1,194 (796–1,592) |
| Moped/Dirt bike riding§§§ |
2,921 (2,161–3,681) |
2,536 (1,880–3,192) |
386 (227–545) |
| Other recreation¶¶¶ |
1,323 (824–1,822) |
800 (458–1,142) |
523 (303–743) |
| Miscellaneous recreation ball games**** |
4,090 (3,017–5,163) |
2,711 (2,045–3,377) |
1,379 (876–1,882) |
| Other specified†††† |
6,723 (5,098–8,348) |
4,298 (3,175–5,421) |
2,425 (1,799–3,051) |
| Total | 283,518 (218,675–348,361) | 194,340 (150,416–238,264) | 89,178 (68,133–110,223) |
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
* Estimates might not sum to totals because of rounding.
† Includes ice hockey, field hockey, roller hockey, and street hockey.
§ Estimates were identified as unstable if the number of sample cases was <20, the weighted estimate was <1,200, or the coefficient of variation was >30.
¶ Includes boxing, wrestling, martial arts, and fencing.
** Includes lacrosse, rugby, and handball.
†† Includes cheerleading and dancing.
§§ Includes snow skiing, snowboarding, water skiing, and surfing.
¶¶ Includes injuries related to golf carts.
*** Includes tennis, badminton, and squash.
††† Includes rides and water slides (not swimming pool slides).
§§§ Includes other two-wheeled, powered, off-road vehicles and dune buggies.
¶¶¶ Includes nonpowder/BB guns, go carts, personal watercraft, snowmobiling, camping, fishing, and billiards.
**** Includes tetherball, kick ball, and dodgeball.
†††† Includes gym/physical education class, archery, darts, curling, and mountain climbing.