FIG. 4.

Increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the brain following under-vehicle blast and mitigation by incorporation of polyurea-coated cylinders. (A) Representative microscopic images expression of ICAM-1 (green) and glucose transporter 1 (GluT-1) (red) in immunostained rat brain sections at 24 h post-blast. Size bar is 100 μm. (B) Quantification of the area of ICAM-1 immunoreactivity indicating significantly increased levels of ICAM-1 in the brains (n = 5) of rats subjected to blast intensity with incorporation of uncoated cylinders compared with shams (**p < 0.01; n = 6). ICAM-1 immunostaining was not significantly different between shams and after blasts that incorporated the polyurea-coated cylinders.