Table 3.
Estimated Means and Mixed Model Effects in “At the Margins” Analysis for Symptomatic Outcomes and Biases in Attention Orienting Toward Threats
| G-CBT vs. CT | ABM vs. ACT | Three-way interaction | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-CBT (n = 42) | CT (n = 37) | ABM (n = 38) | ACT (n = 41) | ||||||||
| Bas M (SE) | End M (SE) | Bas M (SE) | End M (SE) | CBT × time | Bas M (SE) | End M (SE) | Bas M (SE) | End M (SE) | ABM × time | G-CBT × ABM × time | |
| PARS | 21.12 (0.68) | 16.35 (1.35) | 20.77 (0.72) | 17.94 (1.34) | F(1,50) = 1.04; p = 0.312 | 21.19 (0.71) | 16.81 (1.40) | 20.70 (0.69) | 17.48 (1.28) | F(1,50) = 0.37; p = 0.545 | F(1,50) = 2.22; |
| p = 0.143 | |||||||||||
| PARS-S | 21.03 (1.10) | 12.40 (1.16) | 20.23 (1.16) | 14.85 (1.14) | F(1,50) = 2.69; p = 0.107 | 20.17 (1.15) | 12.50 (1.21) | 21.08 (1.11) | 14.75 (1.09) | F(1,50) = 0.47; p = 0.497 | F(1,50) = 0.01; |
| p = 0.910 | |||||||||||
| SCARED-P | 40.02 (1.94) | 34.21 (2.53) | 39.01 (2.08) | 34.88 (2.53) | F(1,49) = 0.33; | 37.31 (2.04) | 31.63 (2.60) | 41.72 (1.99) | 37.46 (2.46) | F(1,49) = 0.23; p = 0.633 | F(1,49) = 0.01; p = 0.913 |
| p = 0.568 | |||||||||||
| SCARED-C | 32.11 (2.10) | 27.66 (1.89) | 33.68 (2.17) | 23.79 (1.80) | F(1,47) = 5.31;p = 0.026 | 32.52 (2.25) | 25.86 (2.01) | 33.27 (2.01) | 25.60 (1.67) | F(1,47) = 0.19; p = 0.669 | F(1,47) = 0.01; p = 0.907 |
| SCAS-P | 42.84 (2.32) | 34.30 (2.89) | 41.23 (2.49) | 35.64 (2.89) | F(1,49) = 0.83; p = 0.367 | 39.55 (2.43) | 29.99 (2.97) | 44.52 (2.38) | 39.95 (2.81) | F(1,49) = 2.37; p = 0.130 | F(1,49) = 0.47; p = 0.495 |
| SCAS-C | 43.19 (2.69) | 38.09 (3.24) | 47.02 (2.86) | 38.50 (3.16) | F(1,45) = 0.63; p = 0.431 | 45.47 (2.96) | 36.89 (3.43) | 44.74 (2.59) | 39.69 (2.95) | F(1,45) = 0.67; p = 0.418 | F(1,45) = 0.12; p = 0.731 |
| CDI | 8.26 (0.86) | 6.17 (1.05) | 6.89 (0.89) | 4.89 (1.04) | F(1,46) < 0.01; p = 0.948 | 7.38 (0.92) | 5.56 (1.12) | 7.76 (0.82) | 5.50 (0.97) | F(1,46) = 0.12; p = 0.735 | F(1,46) = 0.02; p = 0.892 |
| SNAP-P | 28.2 (2.47) | 26.8 (3.02) | 27.3 (2.66) | 27.1 (3.11) | F(1,49) = 0.17; p = 0.681 | 25.7 (2.60) | 24.0 (3.13) | 29.8 (2.54) | 29.9 (3.00) | F(1,49) = 0.46; p = 0.502 | F(1,49) = 0.51; p = 0.476 |
| SDQ-total | 17.2 (1.08) | 16.3 (1.21) | 17.4 (1.18) | 15.2 (1.22) | F(1,48) = 0.93; p = 0.339 | 17.5 (1.14) | 15.6 (1.25) | 17.1 (1.13) | 15.8 (1.19) | F(1,48) = 0.18 p = 0.674 | F(1,48) = 0.13 p = 0.721 |
| SDQ-impact | 3.98 (0.43) | 3.57 (0.59) | 3.78 (0.46) | 3.56 (0.56) | F(1,49) = 0.04; p = 0.837 | 4.09 (0.45) | 3.39 (0.61) | 3.67 (0.44) | 3.74 (0.55) | F(1,49) = 0.68; p = 0.413 | F(1,49) = 1.27; p = 0.265 |
| Threat bias | −5.62 (9.69) | −66 (15.63) | 11.56 (10.63) | 5.49 (15.22) | F(1,50) = 0.20 p = 0.659 | −1.60 (10.69) | −10.68 (17.19) | 7.54 (9.63) | 15.52 (13.46) | F(1,50) = 0.47 p = 0.494 | F(1,50) = 0.30; p = 0.584 |
Bold indicates statistically significant results.
Statistics: The CBT, ABMT, and CBT × ABMT effects are not being presented for simplicity, but were included in the models.
CT, control therapy; ACT, attention control therapy; ABM, attention bias modification; G-CBT, group cognitive behavior therapy; Bas, baseline; End, endpoint; M, mean; SE, standard error; PARS, Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale score; PARS-S, number of symptoms in the PARS; SCARED, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders; SCAS, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale; CDI, Children's Depression Inventory; SNAP, Swanson, Nolan and Pelham questionnaire; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; P, parent version; C, child version; ABMT, attentional bias modification treatment.