FIG. 1.

Nrf2 deficiency promotes lung carcinogenesis. Nrf2 KO and WT mice were injected with vinyl carbamate between 6 and 8 weeks of age. Lungs from age-matched Nrf2 KO and WT mice were harvested for a period of 20–40 weeks after initiation with the carcinogen to examine tumor burden. (A) Representative images of lung sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin; tumors are darkly stained purple areas (10 × magnification). (B) The average number of tumors on the surface of the entire lungs or on the left lung after fixation in formalin were counted, n = 31–42 mice per group (C). Average number of tumors (C) and total tumor volume (D) per slide were calculated in both Nrf2 WT and KO groups. n = 20 mice per group. *p < 0.05. (E) Representative images of lung histopathology in WT and KO groups. KO, knockout; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; WT, wild-type.