Differential gene expression of cytokines in the tumors and lungs of Nrf2 WT
versus
KO mice. (A) Predicted gene expression levels (FPKM) based on RNAseq data of lung tumors from Nrf2 WT and KO mice for Cxcl1, Ccl9, CXcl12, and CSF1. The same tumor RNA analyzed by RNAseq was used to confirm the cytokine gene expression using real-time PCR (B–E). *p < 0.05 WT versus KO. In (F), lung tissues from mice challenged with vinyl carbamate were harvested at three time points, 24–32 weeks after initiation. Total RNA was extracted from the lung and relative gene expression of Csf1, Cxcl1, Cxcl12, and Ccl9 was analyzed by real-time PCR. n = 4 lungs per group at each time point. *p < 0.05 WT versus KO at 24 weeks (Csf1, Cxcl1, Cxcl12) or 32 weeks (Ccl9). The production of Cxcl1 (G) and Cxcl12 (H) in the lung was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. *p < 0.05 WT versus KO at 24–32 weeks with Cxcl1 and 32 weeks with Cxcl12. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Ccl9, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9; Csf1, colony stimulating factor 1; Cxcl1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1; Cxcl12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12; FPKM, fragments per kilo bases per million reads; RNAseq, RNA sequencing.