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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Sep 7;17(2):231–242. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.067

Table 1:

Microbial Communities Described by Type of Early Life Environmental Factors

Environmental Factors Bacterial Community Reference #s
Vaginal Delivery vs Cesarean Section Delivery ↑Lactobacillus
↑Prevotella
↑Sneathia
↑Bifidobacterium
↑Bacteroides
↓Staphylococcus
↓Propionibacterium
↓Corynebacterium
19,20
Breast Feeding vs Formula Feeding ↑Bifidobacteria
↑Lactobacillus
↓Clostridiales
↓Proteobacteria
32,33
Introduction of Solid Food ↑Lachnospiraceae
↑Ruminococcaceae
↑Bacteroidaceae
↓Lactobacillaceae
↓Bifidobacterium
↓Enterococcaceae
↓Enterobacteriaceae
36,37

The table summarizes the bacterial shifts during major early life events such as delivery, breast feeding, and introduction to solid food.