TABLE 3. Comparison between patients with and without OSA.
| Variables (units) | Patients without OSA (n = 15) | Patients with OSA (n = 34) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.5 ± 13.4 | 69.2 ± 11.2 | NS |
| Gender (male/female) | 10 (66.7)/5 (33.3) | 16 (47.1)/18 (52.9) | NS |
| Smoking history | |||
| Current smokers | 2 (13.3) | 2 (5.9) | NS |
| Ex-smokers | 6 (40.0) | 10 (29.4) | NS |
| Non-smokers | 7 (46.7 | 22 (64.7) | NS |
| Comorbidities | |||
| GERD | 13 (86.7) | 21 (61.8) | NS |
| Arterial hypertension | 5 (33.3) | 18 (52.9) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (13.3) | 7 (20.6) | NS |
| Coronary disease and/or heart failure | 2 (13.3) | 5 (14.7) | NS |
| Stroke | 1 (6.7) | 3 (8.8) | NS |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 2/13 (15.4) | 4/22 (18.2) | NS |
| Pulmonary function tests | |||
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 77.0 ± 20.3 | 94.8 ± 23.6 | NS |
| FVC (% predicted) | 77.9 ± 17.9 | 89.8 ± 18.4 | NS |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 77.5 ± 9.9 | 81.6 ± 9.3 | NS |
| TLC (% predicted) | 81.9 ± 15.7 | 85.5 ± 14.5 | NS |
| DLCO (% predicted) | 62.1 ± 18.4 | 67.5 ± 18.8 | NS |
| Six-minute walk test | |||
| Distance (m) | 411.7 ± 148.8 | 401.8 ± 113.9 | NS |
| SpO2 before (%) | 95.1 ± 3.0 | 95.7 ± 2.2 | NS |
| SpO2 after (%) | 87.2 ± 6.8 | 87.5 ± 5.8 | NS |
| Blood gas analysis | |||
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 80.8 ± 10.7 | 79.1 ± 10.9 | NS |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37.5 ± 4.8 | 39.2 ± 5.3 | NS |
| Fibrosis score | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 8.5 ± 3.1 | NS |
| ESS | 6.5 ± 6.6 | 6.6 ± 4.6 | NS |
| >11 | 4 (26.7) | 5 (14.7) | NS |
| <11 | 11 (73.3) | 29 (85.3) | NS |
| Polysomnography III | |||
| AHI (events/h) | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 15.0 ± 9.8 | 0.002 |
| Apnea index (events/h) | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 5.8 ± 5.5 | 0.004 |
| Hypopnoea (events/h) | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 9.2 ± 7.8 | 0.020 |
| ODI (events/h) | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 15.2 ± 11.1 | 0.009 |
| 10 events/h | 0 (0) | 23 (67.6) | NS |
| 10 events/h | 15 (100) | 11 (32.4) | NS |
| Minimum SpO2 (%) | 86.1 ± 3.9 | 81.5 ± 7.6 | NS |
| Average SpO2 (%) | 93.1 ± 2.6 | 92.7 ± 3.0 | NS |
| ST<90% (%) | 8.4 ± 15.7 | 16.9 ± 27.5 | NS |
| 20% | 2 (13.3) | 10 (29.4) | NS |
| 20% | 13 (86.7 | 24 (70.6) | NS |
All data are given as the mean ± SD or n (%). OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; NS, not statistically significant; GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; TLC, total lung capacity; DLCO, diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide; ESS, Epworth sleepiness score; AHI, apnoea-hypopnoea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; ST<90%, sleep time with SpO2 below 90%.