Table 4.
Infant-mortality rate according sex, maternal skin colour and socio-economic status in four birth cohorts, Pelotas, Brazil
| Infant-mortality rate per 1000 live births (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 | 1993 | 2004 | 2015 | p* | |
| Sex | p = 0.260 | p = 0.044 | p = 0.322 | p = 0.820 | |
| Males | 38.9 (32.0–45.7) | 25.0 (19.0–31.0) | 21.4 (15.3–27.5) | 13.3 (8.6–18.2) | <0.001 |
| Females | 33.4 (26.8–39.9) | 17.0 (12.1–21.9) | 17.2 (11.5–22.9) | 14.2 (9.2–19.3) | <0.001 |
| Maternal skin colour | p < 0.001 | p = 0.013 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.068 | |
| White | 32.2 (27.2–37.1) | 18.0 (13.9–22.1) | 15.5 (11.2–19.9) | 11.7 (7.9–15.5) | <0.001 |
| Brown | 55.7 (41.8–69.5)a | 34.2 (10.9–57.5) | 23.7 (6.3–41.1) | 14.3 (4.4–24.1) | 0.069 |
| Black | 31.4 (20.3–42.4) | 31.9 (20.1–43.8) | 23.5 (11.7–35.2) | 0.001 | |
| Family income (tertiles) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p = 0.002* | p = 0.009* | |
| T1 (poorest) | 61.6 (51.0–72.3) | 30.5 (21.9–39.0) | 28.7 (20.0–37.3) | 19.1 (12.2–26.0) | <0.001 |
| T2 | 30.8 (23.2–38.4) | 23.4 (16.4–30.3) | 16.7 (9.9–23.4) | 14.2 (7.9–20.5) | <0.001 |
| T3 (richest) | 16.7 (11.1–22.4) | 9.5 (5.0–13.9) | 12.7 (6.9–18.5) | 7.8 (3.2–12.3) | 0.040 |
p-value: χ2 test for heterogeneity.
*p-value: χ2 for trend.
aBlack and Brown were combined.