Table 3.
Treatment features and outcomes
| Primary IAC alone (n = 34) | Primary IAC with IvitC (n = 20) | p values | Total patients (n = 54) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment features | ||||
| IAC features | ||||
| Mean number of infusions | 3.4 (3, 1–8) | 3.5 (3, 1–6) | 0.84 | 3.4 (2, 1–8) |
| Melphalan only | 14 (41) | 2 (10) | 0.03 | 16 (30) |
| Melphalan + topotecan | 20 (59) | 18 (90) | 38 (70) | |
| Mean cumulative dose, mg | ||||
| Melphalan | 18 (15, 5–53) | 19 (15, 4–40) | 0.61 | 19 (15, 4–53) |
| Topotecan | 3 (3, 1–7) | 3 (3, 1–6) | 0.23 | 3 (3, 1–7) |
| IvitC features | ||||
| Interval IAC to IvitC, months | 4 (2, 0–32) | 4 (2, 0–32) | ||
| Mean number of injections | – | 6 (6, 2–14) | – | 6 (6, 2–14) |
| Melphalan only | – | 12 (60) | – | 12 (22) |
| Melphalan + topotecan | 8 (40) | 8 (15) | ||
| Mean cumulative dose, µg | ||||
| Melphalan | – | 95 (80, 20–188) | – | 95 (80, 20–188) |
| Topotecan | 63 (50, 20–160) | 63 (50, 20–160) | ||
| Additional therapy used | ||||
| Systemic chemotherapy | 1 (3) | 3 (15) | 0.14 | 4 (7) |
| Plaque radiotherapy | 3 (9) | 1 (5) | 0.99 | 4 (7) |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Follow-up, months | 28 (24, 2–61) | 24 (16, 4–63) | 0.50 | 27 (21, 2–63) |
| Tumor control | 28 (82) | 16 (80) | 0.99 | 44 (81) |
| Tumor control per ICRB group | ||||
| Group B | 2 of 2 (100) | 0 of 0 (0) | – | 2 of 2 (100) |
| Group C | 3 of 3 (100) | 0 of 0 (0) | – | 3 of 3 (100) |
| Group D | 15 of 17 (88) | 9 of 13 (69) | 0.36 | 24 of 30 (80) |
| Group E | 8 of 12 (67) | 7 of 7 (100) | 0.25 | 15 of 19 (79) |
| Secondary enucleation | 7 (21) | 7 (35) | 0.34 | 14 (26) |
| Enucleation per ICRB group | ||||
| Group B | 0 of 2 (0) | 0 of 0 (0) | – | 0 of 2 (0) |
| Group C | 0 of 3 (0) | 0 of 0 (0) | – | 0 of 3 (0) |
| Group D | 2 of 17 (12) | 4 of 13 (31) | 0.36 | 6 of 30 (20) |
| Group E | 5 of 12 (42) | 3 of 7 (43) | 0.99 | 8 of 19 (42) |
| Reason for enucleation | n = 7 | n = 7 | n = 14 | |
| Solid tumor recurrence | 3 (43) | 0 (0) | 0.19 | 3 (21) |
| Vitreous seed recurrence | 3 (43) | 0 (0) | 0.19 | 3 (21) |
| Subretinal seed recurrence | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | 0.46 | 2 (14) |
| New anterior chamber seeds | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | 0.46 | 2 (14) |
| Vitreous hemorrhage | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.99 | 1 (7) |
| Neovascular glaucoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.99 | 0 (0) |
| Persistent retinal detachment | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | 0.46 | 2 (14) |
| Phthisis bulbi | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | 0.99 | 1 (7) |
| Visual acuity of salvaged eyes | n = 27 | n = 13 | n = 40 | |
| ≥20/200 | 10 (37) | 6 (46) | 0.73 | 16 (40) |
| <20/200 | 17 (63) | 7 (54) | 24 (60) | |
| Metastasis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.99 | 0 (0) |
| Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.99 | 0 (0) |
Figures in parentheses are percentages or median and range. Values for cumulative dose are given for treated patients only. Bold values indicate significant p values. IAC, intra-arterial chemotherapy; IvitC, intravitreal chemotherapy; ICRB, International Classification of Retinoblastoma.