Table 2.
Association between meeting physical activity guidelines and cognitive function among those with and without an elevated gamma gap
| Normal gamma gap (n = 1,230) |
Elevated gamma gap (n = 1,121) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | p value | β | 95% CI | p value | |
| Meeting MVPA guidelines vs. not | 5.40 | 3.10, 7.71 | <0.001 | 6.42 | 3.85, 8.98 | <0.001 |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Age, 1-year increase | –1.0 | –1.11, −0.9 | <0.001 | –0.78 | –0.91, −0.64 | <0.001 |
| Female vs. male | 5.27 | 2.71, 7.84 | <0.001 | 5.05 | 2.11, 8.00 | 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican American vs. white | –14.5 | –18.1, −10.9 | <0.001 | –15.2 | –19.0, −11.5 | <0.001 |
| African American vs. white | –16.4 | –20.8, −12.0 | <0.001 | –14.4 | –17.3, −11.6 | <0.001 |
| Other vs. white | –10.2 | –16.5, −3.9 | 0.003 | –12.4 | –18.2, −6.7 | <0.001 |
| Nonsmoker vs. smoker | 1.3 | –1.7, 4.4 | 0.37 | 5.0 | 1.3, 8.6 | 0.009 |
| Energy intake, 1-kcal increase | 0.001 | 0.00007, 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.001 | –0.0005, 0.003 | 0.14 |
| A1C level, 1% increase | –2.2 | –3.2, −1.3 | <0.001 | –1.3 | –2.3, −0.43 | 0.006 |
| Overweight/obese vs. not | 0.29 | –2.7, 3.3 | 0.84 | 0.16 | –3.0, 3.3 | 0.91 |
| Hypertension vs. not | –2.3 | –4.2, −0.5 | 0.01 | –2.8 | –5.9, 0.16 | 0.06 |
Two multivariable linear regression models were computed: one for those with a normal gamma gap (<3.1 g/dL) and one for those with an elevated gamma gap (≥3.1 g/dL). In both models, covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, energy intake, A1C level, weight status, and hypertension status. MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.