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. 2018 Sep 14;27(6):531–536. doi: 10.1159/000493732

Table 2.

Association between meeting physical activity guidelines and cognitive function among those with and without an elevated gamma gap

Normal gamma gap (n = 1,230)
Elevated gamma gap (n = 1,121)
β 95% CI p value β 95% CI p value
Meeting MVPA guidelines vs. not 5.40 3.10, 7.71 <0.001 6.42 3.85, 8.98 <0.001
Covariates
Age, 1-year increase –1.0 –1.11, −0.9 <0.001 –0.78 –0.91, −0.64 <0.001
Female vs. male 5.27 2.71, 7.84 <0.001 5.05 2.11, 8.00 0.001
Race/ethnicity
 Mexican American vs. white –14.5 –18.1, −10.9 <0.001 –15.2 –19.0, −11.5 <0.001
 African American vs. white –16.4 –20.8, −12.0 <0.001 –14.4 –17.3, −11.6 <0.001
 Other vs. white –10.2 –16.5, −3.9 0.003 –12.4 –18.2, −6.7 <0.001
Nonsmoker vs. smoker 1.3 –1.7, 4.4 0.37 5.0 1.3, 8.6 0.009
Energy intake, 1-kcal increase 0.001 0.00007, 0.003 0.04 0.001 –0.0005, 0.003 0.14
A1C level, 1% increase –2.2 –3.2, −1.3 <0.001 –1.3 –2.3, −0.43 0.006
Overweight/obese vs. not 0.29 –2.7, 3.3 0.84 0.16 –3.0, 3.3 0.91
Hypertension vs. not –2.3 –4.2, −0.5 0.01 –2.8 –5.9, 0.16 0.06

Two multivariable linear regression models were computed: one for those with a normal gamma gap (<3.1 g/dL) and one for those with an elevated gamma gap (≥3.1 g/dL). In both models, covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, energy intake, A1C level, weight status, and hypertension status. MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.