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. 2019 Mar 1;10(18):1716–1728. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.26733

Figure 5. Simvastatin prolonged survival, inhibited TGF-β signaling and prenylation, and induced apoptosis and autophagy in vivo.

Figure 5

(A) Simvastatin reduced G34 tumor growth in a mouse subcutaneous model. (B) H+E staining of intracranial tumors from control and twice-daily simvastatin-treated (50mg/kg) group. (C) Twice-daily simvastatin treatment (50mg/kg) prolonged mouse survival in an intracranial G34 model. (D) and (E) Simvastatin reduced expression of the Smad3 phosphorylation at Ser-208, TGF-β target proteins ZYX and SERPINE1, increased cleaved PARP, LC3A/B-II, and unprenylated Rap1A expression in tumor-bearing brain hemispheres in the experiment from (C) as indicated by immunoblot (D) and quantification of immunoblot bands (E). All values are the mean±SD of four experiments. Sim: Simvastatin. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01. ***, P<0.001.