Expression pattern and subcellular localization of OsMAPKKK63. (a) Stress induction pattern of OsMAPKKK63 expression. RNA was isolated from 4-week-old seedlings treated with ABA (100 μM), NaCl (200 mM) (Salt), mannitol (500 mM), chilling (8 hr at 9°C) (Cold), and water-deficit (10 hr on the bench) (Drought). Real-Time RT-PCR was carried out in duplicates. Bars indicate standard errors. (b) Hormone-induced expression of OsMAPKKK63. Real-Time RT-PCR was performed as in (a) using RNA isolated from 3-week-old seedlings treated with 100 μM each of ABA, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Ethylene), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Bars indicate standard errors. (c) Subcellular localization of OsMAPKKK63 was examined by epifluorescence using Tobacco (N. benthmiana) leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium containing an OsMAPKKK63-YFP fusion construct. Images obtained with bright-field (Bright-field), YFP filter (YFP), or merging (Merged) are shown.