Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the studied patients with type 2 DM (n=300)
| Variables | Group I Normoalbuminuria (n=100) |
Group II Microalbuminuria (n=100) |
Group III Macroalbuminuria (n=100) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| Range | 42–69 | 43–68 | 46–66 | 0.135 |
| Mean ± SD | 54.93±7.13 | 53.93±5.63 | 55.57±4.36 | |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Female | 56 (56%) | 58 (58%) | 52 (52%) | 0.685 |
| Male | 44 (44%) | 42 (42%) | 48 (48%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Range | 25.00–29.80 | 25.70–29.80 | 25.30–29.90 | 0.098 |
| Mean ± SD | 28.08±1.42 | 28.07±1.33 | 28.43±1.30 | |
| Family history of DM (%) | ||||
| Negative | 58 (58%) | 66 (66%) | 62 (62%) | 0.507 |
| Positive | 42 (42%) | 34 (34%) | 38 (38%) | |
| DM duration (years) | ||||
| • Range | 6.0–19.0 | 6.0–19.0 | 11.0–19.0 | <0.001* |
| • Mean ± SD | 10.90±4.07 | 9.70±3.18 | 12.84±2.56 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Range | 125–135 | 135–146 | 144–160 | <0.001* |
| Mean ± SD | 129.75±2.75 | 139.48±3.28 | 152.28±5.24 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Range | 65–80 | 70–87 | 80–95 | <0.001* |
| Mean ± SD | 71.9 5±3.64 | 78.09±4.72 | 89.31±4.37 | |
| Neuropathy (%) | ||||
| Negative | 81 (81%) | 78 (78%) | 77 (77%) | 0.772 |
| Positive | 19 (19%) | 22 (22%) | 23 (23%) | |
| Retinopathy (%) | ||||
| Negative | 72 (72%) | 60 (60%) | 49 (49%) | 0.004* |
| Positive | 28 (28%) | 40 (40%) | 51 (51%) | |
| CAD (%) | ||||
| Negative | 88 (88%) | 79 (79%) | 73 (73%) | 0.028* |
| Positive | 12 (12%) | 21 (21%) | 27 (27%) | |
| PAD (%) | ||||
| Negative | 89 (89%) | 80 (80%) | 72 (72%) | 0.010* |
| Positive | 11 (11%) | 20 (20%) | 28 (28%) | |
Note:
*
Significant (P<0.05).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PAD, peripheral artery disease.