Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Local Failure | Distant Failure | All (n = 31) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal RT2 (n = 15) | CSI RT2 (n = 7) | CSI RT2 (n = 9) | ||
| N (%) | ||||
| Sex (female) | 7 (47) | 0 (0) | 4 (44.4) | 11 (35.5) |
| Age at diagnosis, y, median (range) | 4.8 (0.8–12.9) | 4.9 (1.7–12.6) | 8.3 (4.7–17.2) | 6.1 (0.8–17.2) |
| Site of original disease | ||||
| Infratentorial | 12 (20.0) | 4 (57.1) | 6 (66.7) | 22 (80.0) |
| PF-A | 7 (100) | 4 (100) | 6 (100) | 17 (100) |
| Not known | 5 | 5 | ||
| Supratentorial | 3 (80.0) | 3 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | 9 (29.0) |
| RELA fusion | 1 (100) | 2 (100) | 3 (100) | 6 (100) |
| Not known | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| Histological grade | ||||
| II | 7 (46.7) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (11.1) | 12 (38.7) |
| III | 8 (53.3) | 3 (42.9) | 8 (88.9) | 19 (61.3) |
| Initial surgery | ||||
| GTR | 3 (20) | 3 (42.9) | 6 (66.7) | 12 (38.7) |
| NTR | 7 (46.7) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (22.2) | 10 (32.3) |
| STR | 5 (33.3) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (11.1) | 9 (29.0) |
| Age at RT1, y (range) | 5.0 (1.2–13.0) | 5.1 (1.8–12.7) | 8.3 (4.8–17.5) | 6.2 (1.2–17.5) |
| Chemotherapy at initial presentation | ||||
| Yes* | 6 (40) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (11.1) | 10 (32.3) |
| No | 9 (60) | 4 (57.1) | 8 (88.9) | 21 (67.7) |
| Time to first relapse, mo, median (range) | 23.6 (8.5–105.5) | 29.4 (3.7–138.3) | 14.8 (8.6–97.3) | 19.4 (3.7–138.3) |
| Surgery at relapse | ||||
| GTR | 9 (60) | 6 (85.7) | 5 (55.6) | 20 (64.5) |
| NTR | 1 (6.7) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (6.5) | |
| STR | 3 (20) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (12.9) | |
| Biopsy only | 1 (11.1) | 1 (3.2) | ||
| None | 2 (13.3) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (12.9) | |
| Time between RT1 and RT2, y, median (range) | 2.4 (0.9–10.0) | 2.6 (0.5–11.7) | 1.4 (0.9–8.2) | 1.9 (0.5–11.7) |
| Age at RT2, y, median (range) | 7.1 (2.4–16.9) | 8.4 (5.3–22.3) | 10.2 (6.5–18.4) | 8.4 (2.4–22.3) |
| CSI RT2 treatment technique | ||||
| 2D | 6 (85.7) | 7 (87.5) | ||
| IMRT | 1 (14.3) | 1 (12.5) | ||
| Not known** | 1 | |||
| Focal or boost RT2 treatment technique | ||||
| 3DCRT | 2 (25.0) | 2 (6.7) | ||
| IMRT or VMAT | 13 (86.7) | 7 (100) | 6 (75.0) | 26 (86.7) |
| SRS | 2 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) | ||
| Not known** | 1 | 1 | ||
*Chemotherapy consisted of (i) vincristine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide, or (ii) carboplatin, procarbazine, etoposide, cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide, or (iii) cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatin, and etoposide, or (iv) temozolomide.
**One individual received RT2 at an outside institution.
2D = two-dimensional; 3DCRT = three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy; IMRT = intensity modulated radiation therapy; GTR = gross total resection; NTR = near total resection; PF-A = posterior fossa group A tumor; STR = subtotal resection; VMAT = volumetric arc radiation therapy