Figure 1.

Induction of β-galactosidase by transfection of phosphomimetic p53, p21, and G2019S LRRK2. dSH-SY5Y cells on 12-well plate were transfected with 1 μg of indicated DNA for (a) 48 h, (b) 30 h, or (c) 72 h (N = 3). Cell lysates were evaluated by western blot under identical conditions, using antibodies against HA and β-gal. The expression of β-gal was normalized to that of α-tubulin. Statistical significances were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni’s (a), or Student’s t-test (b, c).