Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate Cox Regression on Predictors of Survival outcome

	Died (n = 28)	Alive (n = 171)	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis*
	n (%)	n (%)	Crude HR	95% CI	P-value	Adj. HR	95% CI	P-value
Age Group
< 40	2 (7.1)	16 (9.4)	1.00			1.00
40–60	15 (53.6)	109 (63.7)	0.56	(0.124, 2.529)	0.451	1.58	(0.284, 8.716)	0.603
> 60	11 (39.3)	46 (26.9)	0.61	(0.280, 1.328)	0.213	1.98	(0.312, 12.551)	0.469
Gender
Male	10 (35.7)	55 (32.2)	1.19	(0.549, 2.578)	0.66	1.63	(0.716, 3.742)	0.242
Female	18 (64.3)	116 (67.8)	1.00			1.00
Ethnicity
Malay	20 (71.4)	118 (69.0)	1.19	(0.521, 2.685)	0.689	1.19	(0.495, 2.842)	0.702
Non-Malay	8 (28.6)	53 (31.0)	1.00			1.00
Comorbidities
No	8 (28.6)	92 (53.8)	1.00			1.00
Single	14 (50.0)	58 (33.9)	2.46	(1.033, 5.869)	0.042	1.83	(0.703, 4.760)	0.216
Multiple	6 (21.4)	21 (12.3)	3.00	(1.029, 8.549)	0.044	3.01	(0.827, 10.916)	0.095
Location of Meningiomas
Skull base	18 (64.3)	36 (21.1)	5.49	(2.53, 11.90)	< 0.001	4.27	(1.504, 12.129)	0.006
Non-skull base	10 (35.7)	135 (78.9)	1.00			1.00
WHO grading
Grade 1	25 (89.3)	169 (98.8)	1.00			1.00
Grade 2	3 (10.7)	2 (1.2)	5.89	(1.768, 19.616)	0.004	5.22	(1.256, 21.673)	0.023
Extents of Excisiona
Gross Total Resection (Simpsons 1–3)	11 (39.3)	142 (83.0)	1.00			1.00
Subtotal Resection (Simpsons 4)	29 (17.0)	29 (17.0)	5.64	(2.641, 12.048)	< 0.001	1.96	(0.710, 5.408)	0.194

^#Cox Regression, HR (hazard ratio)

^*Adjusted with age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, location of tumour, WHO grading, extent of meningioma excision

^aExtents of excision as quoted in corresponding EORTC/RTOG definitions as quoted in Jenkinson et al. (14)