Table 2:

The Effect of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Function

	Control		Exercise
Variable	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Group × Time
Heart rate, bpm	64 (60-67)	64 (61-67)	63 (60-67)	58 (55-61)*	0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	109 (106-113)	107 (103-110)	107 (104-110)	104 (102-107)	0.953
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	69 (67-72)	70 (67-73)	67 (65 - 69)	68 (65-71)	0.953
Cardiac index, L/min2	2.5 (2.4-2.7)	2.6 (2.4-2.7)	2.5 (2.4-2.7)	2.5 (2.3-2.6)	0.417
Weight, kg	75.8 (70.0-81.6)	77.1 (71.4-82.8)	74.3 (68.9-79.6)	73.6 (68.1-79.0)	0.029
Body fat, %	32.9 (30.0-35.7)	35.5 (33.1-37.9)	32.3 (30.3-34.2)	33.0 (31.0-35.1)	0.058
Fat-free mass, kg	50.9 (46.4-55.3)	49.9 (45.4-54.4)	50.4 (46.3-54.5)	49.3 (45.2-53.5)	0.083
Hemoglobin, g/dL	13.3 (12.9-13.7)	14.0 (13.5-14.6)*	13.1 (12.6-13.5)	13.6 (13.1-14.0)*	0.310
Plasma volume, mL	3302 (3058-3546)	3122 (2891-3354)*	3337 (3061-3614)	3290 (3024-3555)	0.164
Total blood volume, mL	5245 (4822-5668)	5081 (4657-5504)	5247 (4787-5707)	5263 (4797-5729)	0.148
RAP, mmHg	8.8 (8.2-9.4)	8.7 (8.1-9.4)	8.8 (8.2-9.3)	8.6 (8.0-9.3)	0.905
PCWP, mmHg	12.0 (11.2 - 12.8)	11.8 (10.9-12.6)	11.6 (11.1-12.2)	11.8 (11.2-12.5)	0.473

Variables are expressed as least square means (95% confidence intervals). Group x time represents the interaction term and * p<0.05 represents within group comparison from baseline to 24 months derived from mixed effects repeated measure analysis. bpm indicates beats per minute; RAP, right atrial pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. These data are reported elsewhere and are reproduced here for convenience.