Table 1:
Selected characteristics of patients successfully linked to EHR data and those not linked
| Claims-defined patient characteristics | Linked | Not Linked | Standardized difference |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=5,935 | N=134,252 | ||||
| N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | linked vs. not linked | |
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 67.4 | 11.4 | 69.5 | 12.3 | −0.17 |
| Age group (N, %) | |||||
| 18–54 | 755 | 12.7% | 15,755 | 11.7% | 0.03 |
| 55–64 | 1,986 | 33.5% | 38,121 | 28.4% | 0.11 |
| 65–74 | 1,532 | 25.8% | 31,174 | 23.2% | 0.06 |
| 75+ | 1,662 | 28.0% | 49,202 | 36.6% | −0.19 |
| Sex (N, %) | |||||
| Male | 3,647 | 61.4% | 83,215 | 62.0% | −0.01 |
| Comorbidities during baseline (N, %) | |||||
| Acute renal disease | 364 | 6.1% | 9,084 | 6.8% | −0.03 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1,805 | 30.4% | 40,904 | 30.5% | 0.00 |
| Cancer | 1,190 | 20.1% | 24,416 | 18.2% | 0.05 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 574 | 9.7% | 13,217 | 9.8% | −0.01 |
| Miscellaneous renal insufficiency | 14 | 0.2% | 424 | 0.3% | −0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 1,999 | 33.7% | 45,511 | 33.9% | 0.00 |
| Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | 304 | 5.1% | 7,382 | 5.5% | −0.02 |
| Diabetes | 1,585 | 26.7% | 33,724 | 25.1% | 0.04 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 154 | 2.6% | 2,919 | 2.2% | 0.03 |
| Heart failure (CHF) | 977 | 16.5% | 25,043 | 18.7% | −0.06 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 1,460 | 24.6% | 39,578 | 29.5% | −0.11 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3,120 | 52.6% | 68,747 | 51.2% | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 5,699 | 96.0% | 128,764 | 95.9% | 0.01 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 346 | 5.8% | 8,189 | 6.1% | −0.01 |
| Intracranial bleeding | 16 | 0.3% | 259 | 0.2% | 0.02 |
| Ischemic stroke | 442 | 7.4% | 11,001 | 8.2% | −0.03 |
| Lower/ unspecified GI bleed | 238 | 4.0% | 4,515 | 3.4% | 0.03 |
| Upper GI bleed | 36 | 0.6% | 674 | 0.5% | 0.01 |
| Urogenital bleed | 4 | 0.1% | 57 | 0.0% | 0.01 |
| Other bleeds | 245 | 4.1% | 5,082 | 3.8% | 0.02 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1,012 | 17.1% | 20,533 | 15.3% | 0.05 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) or PVD surgery | 242 | 4.1% | 5,800 | 4.3% | −0.01 |
| Previous TIA | 277 | 4.7% | 6,242 | 4.6% | 0.00 |
| Prior liver disease | 277 | 4.7% | 5,182 | 3.9% | 0.04 |
| Pulmonary embolism (PE) | 198 | 3.3% | 4,619 | 3.4% | −0.01 |
| Recent MI | 281 | 4.7% | 6,589 | 4.9% | −0.01 |
| Old MI | 243 | 4.1% | 5,765 | 4.3% | −0.01 |
| Renal dysfunction | 869 | 14.6% | 20,132 | 15.0% | −0.01 |
| Stroke | 512 | 8.6% | 12,835 | 9.6% | −0.03 |
| Systemic embolism | 50 | 0.8% | 1,256 | 0.9% | −0.01 |
| CHADS2 score (mean, SD) | 2.0 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.1 | −0.09 |
| 1 - Low risk (N, %) | 2,530 | 42.6% | 50,330 | 37.5% | 0.11 |
| 2 - Intermediate risk (N, %) | 1,912 | 32.2% | 45,676 | 34.0% | −0.04 |
| 3 - High risk (N, %) | 1,493 | 25.2% | 38,246 | 28.5% | −0.08 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score (mean, SD) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 1.7 | −0.11 |
| 1 - Low risk (N, %) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | − |
| 2 - Intermediate risk (N, %) | 1,030 | 17.4% | 20,828 | 15.5% | 0.05 |
| 3 - High risk (N, %) | 4,905 | 82.6% | 113,424 | 84.5% | −0.05 |
| HAS-BLED score (mean, SD) | 2.4 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.1 | −0.03 |
| 1 - Low risk (N, %) | 1,385 | 23.3% | 29,114 | 21.7% | 0.04 |
| 2 - Intermediate risk (N, %) | 2,200 | 37.1% | 49,876 | 37.2% | 0.00 |
| 3 - High risk (N, %) | 2,350 | 39.6% | 55,262 | 41.2% | −0.03 |
| Medications during baseline (N, %) | |||||
| Aspirin | 85 | 1.4% | 1,793 | 1.3% | 0.01 |
| Aspirin/dipyridamole | 26 | 0.4% | 731 | 0.5% | −0.02 |
| Clopidogrel | 649 | 10.9% | 15,727 | 11.7% | −0.02 |
| Prasugrel | 49 | 0.8% | 807 | 0.6% | 0.03 |
| Ticagrelor | 9 | 0.2% | 225 | 0.2% | 0.00 |
| Other antiplatelet agents | 42 | 0.7% | 862 | 0.6% | 0.01 |
| NSAIDs | 1,399 | 23.6% | 28,090 | 20.9% | 0.06 |
| Heparin | 6 | 0.1% | 83 | 0.1% | 0.01 |
| Low-molecular weight heparins | 377 | 6.4% | 9,246 | 6.9% | −0.02 |
| PGP inhibitors | 3,411 | 57.5% | 74,399 | 55.4% | 0.04 |
| ARB | 1,367 | 23.0% | 29,775 | 22.2% | 0.02 |
| ACE inhibitor | 2,072 | 34.9% | 47,245 | 35.2% | −0.01 |
| Beta blocker | 4,250 | 71.6% | 95,643 | 71.2% | 0.01 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 2,415 | 40.7% | 54,623 | 40.7% | 0.00 |
| Other hypertension drugs | 1,611 | 27.1% | 36,247 | 27.0% | 0.00 |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs (other than amiodarone and dronedarone) | 954 | 16.1% | 16,970 | 12.6% | 0.10 |
| Statin | 3,140 | 52.9% | 70,084 | 52.2% | 0.01 |
| Other lipid-lowering drugs | 774 | 13.0% | 16,242 | 12.1% | 0.03 |
| Diabetes medications | 1,446 | 24.4% | 31,074 | 23.1% | 0.03 |
| Healthcare utilization | |||||
| Hospitalization in 30 days prior to treatment initiation (N, %) | 2,126 | 35.8% | 54,237 | 40.4% | −0.09 |
| reating prescriber (N, %) | |||||
| Cardiologist | 1,302 | 21.9% | 25,339 | 18.9% | 0.08 |
| Primary care physician | 1,470 | 24.8% | 33,604 | 25.0% | −0.01 |
| Other or unknown | 3,163 | 53.3% | 75,309 | 56.1% | −0.06 |
| Number of laboratory tests ordered (mean, SD) | 17.2 | 27.8 | 14.6 | 25.6 | 0.10 |
| Number of INR (prothrombin) tests ordered (mean, SD) | 1.5 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 0.03 |
| Number of lipid tests ordered (mean, SD) | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.11 |
| Number of creatinine tests ordered (mean, SD) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | −0.02 |
| Number of medications (mean, SD) | 12.8 | 6.8 | 11.6 | 6.4 | 0.17 |
| Number of hospitalizations (mean, SD) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | −0.04 |
| Number of hospital days (mean, SD) | 3.7 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 7.7 | −0.03 |
| Number of office visits (mean, SD) | 14.6 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 0.19 |
| Number of cardiologist visits (mean, SD) | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 0.05 |
| Number of neurologist visits (mean, SD) | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.03 |
*
Indicators for region, calendar time of cohort entry and non-CV medications all had SDs of <0.1 and were omitted. PS: propensity score; SD: standard deviation; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers.