Table 3.
Selected baseline EHR-based characteristics of study participants after claims-based PS-matching
| EHR-observed measurements | Dabigatran | Warfarin | Standardized
difference |
Rivaroxaban | Warfarin | Standardized difference |
Apixaban | Warfarin | Standardized difference |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=846 | N=846 | N=874 | N=874 | N=355 | N=355 | ||||||||||
| N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) | |||||||||||||||
| Missing BMI data (N, %) | 205 | 24.2% | 187 | 22.1% | 0.05 | 121 | 13.8% | 136 | 15.6% | −0.05 | 36 | 10.1% | 43 | 12.1% | −0.06 |
| Patients with BMI data (N, %) | 641 | 75.8% | 659 | 77.9% | −0.05 | 753 | 86.2% | 738 | 84.4% | 0.05 | 319 | 89.9% | 312 | 87.9% | 0.06 |
| BMI (mean, SD) | 32.4 | 8.3 | 32.5 | 8.0 | −0.01 | 31.8 | 7.6 | 31.9 | 7.9 | −0.02 | 31.9 | 7.4 | 32.4 | 8.1 | −0.06 |
| BMI category (N, % of pts w/ BMI data) | |||||||||||||||
| Underweight: BMI <18.5 | 5 | 0.8% | 3 | 0.5% | 0.04 | 9 | 1.2% | 6 | 0.8% | 0.04 | 4 | 1.3% | 3 | 1.0% | 0.03 |
| Healthy weight: BMI 18.5 to <25 | 89 | 13.9% | 102 | 15.5% | −0.05 | 117 | 15.5% | 114 | 15.4% | 0.00 | 46 | 14.4% | 49 | 15.7% | −0.04 |
| Overweight: BMI 25 to <30 | 179 | 27.9% | 197 | 29.9% | −0.04 | 220 | 29.2% | 227 | 30.8% | −0.03 | 97 | 30.4% | 80 | 25.6% | 0.11 |
| Obese: BMI >30 | 368 | 57.4% | 357 | 54.2% | 0.07 | 407 | 54.1% | 391 | 53.0% | 0.02 | 172 | 53.9% | 180 | 57.7% | −0.08 |
| Class 1 obese: BMI 30 to <35 | 188 | 29.3% | 153 | 23.2% | 0.14 | 198 | 26.3% | 187 | 25.3% | 0.02 | 76 | 23.8% | 87 | 27.9% | −0.09 |
| Class 2 obese: BMI 35 to <40 | 86 | 13.4% | 99 | 15.0% | −0.05 | 122 | 16.2% | 108 | 14.6% | 0.04 | 51 | 16.0% | 48 | 15.4% | 0.02 |
| Class 3 obese: BMI >40 | 94 | 14.7% | 105 | 15.9% | −0.04 | 87 | 11.6% | 96 | 13.0% | −0.04 | 45 | 14.1% | 45 | 14.4% | −0.01 |
| Smoking | |||||||||||||||
| Missing smoking data (N, %) | 758 | 89.6% | 749 | 88.5% | 0.03 | 767 | 87.8% | 771 | 88.2% | −0.01 | 318 | 89.6% | 315 | 88.7% | 0.03 |
| Patients with smoking data (N, %) | 88 | 10.4% | 97 | 11.5% | −0.03 | 107 | 12.2% | 103 | 11.8% | 0.01 | 37 | 10.4% | 40 | 11.3% | −0.03 |
| Never smoked (N, % of pts w/ smoking data) | 44 | 50.0% | 48 | 49.5% | 0.01 | 51 | 47.7% | 48 | 46.6% | 0.02 | 21 | 56.8% | 16 | 40.0% | 0.34 |
| Current/past (N, % of pts w/ smoking data) | 44 | 50.0% | 49 | 50.5% | −0.01 | 56 | 52.3% | 55 | 53.4% | −0.02 | 16 | 43.2% | 24 | 60.0% | −0.34 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||||||||
| Missing alcohol consumption data (N, %) | 832 | 98.3% | 828 | 97.9% | 0.03 | 852 | 97.5% | 853 | 97.6% | −0.01 | 350 | 98.6% | 345 | 97.2% | 0.10 |
| Patients with alcohol consumption data (N, %) | 14 | 1.7% | 18 | 2.1% | −0.03 | 22 | 2.5% | 21 | 2.4% | 0.01 | 5 | 1.4% | 10 | 2.8% | −0.10 |
| No consumption (N, % of pts w/ alcohol data) | 7 | 50.0% | 11 | 61.1% | −0.23 | 9 | 40.9% | 13 | 61.9% | −0.43 | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 50.0% | −1.41 |
| Light to moderate consumption2 (N, % of pts w/ alcohol data) | 1 | 7.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.39 | 2 | 9.1% | 1 | 4.8% | 0.17 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | − |
| Heavy consumption3 (N, % of patients w/ alcohol data) | 6 | 42.9% | 6 | 33.3% | 0.20 | 11 | 50.0% | 6 | 28.6% | 0.45 | 5 | 100.0% | 5 | 50.0% | 1.41 |
| Consumption of unknown quantify (N, % of pts w/ alcohol data) | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 5.6% | −0.34 | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.8% | −0.32 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | − |
| Glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ml/min/1.73m2) | |||||||||||||||
| Missing GFR data (N, %) | 405 | 47.9% | 405 | 47.9% | 0.00 | 432 | 49.4% | 431 | 49.3% | 0.00 | 161 | 45.4% | 179 | 50.4% | −0.10 |
| Patients with GFR data (N, %) | 441 | 52.1% | 441 | 52.1% | 0.00 | 442 | 50.6% | 443 | 50.7% | 0.00 | 194 | 54.6% | 176 | 49.6% | 0.10 |
| GFR (mean, SD) | 85.4 | 21.9 | 83.4 | 23.5 | 0.09 | 81.8 | 24.5 | 80.0 | 24.7 | 0.07 | 81.1 | 25.2 | 79.4 | 23.9 | 0.07 |
| GFR category (N, % of pts w/ GFR data) | |||||||||||||||
| G1: GFR >90 | 202 | 45.8% | 189 | 42.9% | 0.06 | 177 | 40.0% | 164 | 37.0% | 0.06 | 78 | 40.2% | 63 | 35.8% | 0.09 |
| G2: GFR 60 to 89 | 175 | 39.7% | 178 | 40.4% | −0.01 | 175 | 39.6% | 184 | 41.5% | −0.04 | 76 | 39.2% | 80 | 45.5% | −0.13 |
| G3a: GFR 45 to 59 | 43 | 9.8% | 42 | 9.5% | 0.01 | 47 | 10.6% | 52 | 11.7% | −0.04 | 21 | 10.8% | 15 | 8.5% | 0.08 |
| G3b: GFR 30 to 44 | 19 | 4.3% | 17 | 3.9% | 0.02 | 35 | 7.9% | 28 | 6.3% | 0.06 | 13 | 6.7% | 14 | 8.0% | −0.05 |
| G4: GFR 15 to 29 | 2 | 0.5% | 14 | 3.2% | −0.20 | 7 | 1.6% | 11 | 2.5% | −0.06 | 4 | 2.1% | 2 | 1.1% | 0.07 |
| G5: GFR <15 | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.2% | −0.07 | 1 | 0.2% | 4 | 0.9% | −0.09 | 2 | 1.0% | 2 | 1.1% | −0.01 |
| Abnormal renal function (N, %) | 55 | 6.5% | 68 | 8.0% | −0.06 | 83 | 9.5% | 88 | 10.1% | −0.02 | 35 | 9.9% | 35 | 9.9% | 0.00 |
| Duration of atrial fibrillation | |||||||||||||||
| Months (mean, SD) | 22.7 | 35.2 | 25.4 | 33.0 | −0.08 | 22.7 | 34.0 | 24.0 | 33.6 | −0.04 | 18.2 | 28.6 | 23.1 | 35.0 | −0.15 |
| <1 year (N, % of pts w/ atrial fibrillation) | 224 | 58.0% | 174 | 49.7% | 0.17 | 206 | 56.1% | 185 | 55.4% | 0.01 | 113 | 64.6% | 84 | 57.1% | 0.15 |
| 1 to <3 years | 78 | 20.2% | 85 | 24.3% | −0.10 | 74 | 20.2% | 65 | 19.5% | 0.02 | 26 | 14.9% | 31 | 21.1% | −0.16 |
| 3 to <5 years | 43 | 11.1% | 45 | 12.9% | −0.05 | 49 | 13.4% | 34 | 10.2% | 0.10 | 21 | 12.0% | 13 | 8.8% | 0.10 |
| 5+ years | 41 | 10.6% | 46 | 13.1% | −0.08 | 38 | 10.4% | 50 | 15.0% | −0.14 | 15 | 8.6% | 19 | 12.9% | −0.14 |
| Duration of stroke | |||||||||||||||
| Months (mean, SD) | 34.6 | 38.6 | 34.4 | 34.0 | 0.00 | 32.3 | 34.9 | 31.3 | 32.1 | 0.03 | 32.7 | 40.6 | 36.2 | 41.5 | −0.09 |
| <1 year (N, % of pts w/ stroke) | 16 | 34.0% | 19 | 35.8% | −0.04 | 27 | 39.1% | 19 | 33.3% | 0.12 | 12 | 46.2% | 9 | 45.0% | 0.02 |
| 1 to <3 years | 17 | 36.2% | 16 | 30.2% | 0.13 | 19 | 27.5% | 22 | 38.6% | −0.24 | 7 | 26.9% | 4 | 20.0% | 0.16 |
| 3 to <5 years | 4 | 8.5% | 7 | 13.2% | −0.15 | 12 | 17.4% | 7 | 12.3% | 0.14 | 1 | 3.8% | 2 | 10.0% | −0.24 |
| 5+ years | 10 | 21.3% | 11 | 20.8% | 0.01 | 11 | 15.9% | 9 | 15.8% | 0.00 | 6 | 23.1% | 5 | 25.0% | −0.05 |
| Use of antiplatelets or NSAIDs, incl. OTC use (N, %) | 145 | 17.1% | 158 | 18.7% | −0.04 | 183 | 20.9% | 184 | 21.1% | 0.00 | 74 | 20.8% | 75 | 21.1% | −0.01 |
| Bleeding history or predisposition (N, %) | 31 | 3.7% | 39 | 4.6% | −0.05 | 28 | 3.2% | 34 | 3.9% | −0.04 | 8 | 2.3% | 14 | 3.9% | −0.10 |
| International normalized ratio (INR) | |||||||||||||||
| Missing INR data (N, %) | 747 | 88.3% | 671 | 79.3% | 0.25 | 809 | 92.6% | 691 | 79.1% | 0.39 | 327 | 92.1% | 282 | 79.4% | 0.37 |
| Patients with INR data (N, %) | 99 | 11.7% | 175 | 20.7% | −0.25 | 65 | 7.4% | 183 | 20.9% | −0.39 | 28 | 7.9% | 73 | 20.6% | −0.37 |
| INR (mean, SD) | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 | −0.76 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | −0.44 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 | −0.62 |
| INR category (N, % of pts w/ INR data) | |||||||||||||||
| <1 | 15 | 15.2% | 14 | 8.0% | 0.22 | 10 | 15.4% | 14 | 7.7% | 0.24 | 5 | 17.9% | 4 | 5.5% | 0.39 |
| 1 to <2 | 74 | 74.7% | 83 | 47.4% | 0.58 | 46 | 70.8% | 99 | 54.1% | 0.35 | 22 | 78.6% | 45 | 61.6% | 0.38 |
| 2 to <3 | 8 | 8.1% | 68 | 38.9% | −0.78 | 5 | 7.7% | 62 | 33.9% | −0.68 | 0 | 0.0% | 20 | 27.4% | −0.87 |
| >3 | 2 | 2.0% | 10 | 5.7% | −0.19 | 4 | 6.2% | 8 | 4.4% | 0.08 | 1 | 3.6% | 4 | 5.5% | −0.09 |
| HAS-BLED score | |||||||||||||||
| HAS-BLED (mean, SD) | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | −0.06 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.0 | −0.05 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | −0.04 |
| <1 (N, % of all pts) | 127 | 15.0% | 115 | 13.6% | 0.04 | 118 | 13.5% | 103 | 11.8% | 0.05 | 41 | 11.5% | 36 | 10.1% | 0.05 |
| 1 to 2 | 607 | 71.7% | 599 | 70.8% | 0.02 | 599 | 68.5% | 610 | 69.8% | −0.03 | 246 | 69.3% | 248 | 69.9% | −0.01 |
| >2 | 112 | 13.2% | 132 | 15.6% | −0.07 | 157 | 18.0% | 161 | 18.4% | −0.01 | 68 | 19.2% | 71 | 20.0% | −0.02 |
*
PS: propensity score; IQR: interquartile; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BP: blood pressure; HAS-BLED: Labile INR defined as most recent INR <2 or >3 prior to cohort entry.