Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by the 25(OH)D quartile
| Variable | 25(OH)D quartile | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First (n = 118) | Second (n = 124) | Third (n = 120) | Fourth (n = 116) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, year | 65.8 ± 11.0 | 63.1 ± 10.8 | 61.8 ± 8.9 | 60.4 ± 8.1 | 0.014 |
| Female, % | 60 (50.8) | 76 (61.3) | 40 (33.3) | 52 (44.8) | 0.003 |
| Vascular risk factors, % | |||||
| Hypertension | 84 (71.2) | 88 (71.0) | 76 (63.3) | 68 (58.6) | 0.113 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (30.5) | 31 (25.0) | 24 (20.0) | 14 (12.1) | 0.006 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 24 (20.3) | 27 (21.8) | 14 (11.7) | 16 (13.8) | 0.102 |
| Current drinking | 22 (18.6) | 29 (23.4) | 30 (25.0) | 28 (24.1) | 0.658 |
| Current smoking | 33 (27.9) | 44 (35.4) | 37 (30.8) | 29 (25.0) | 0.330 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 20 (16.9) | 18 (14.5) | 14 (11.7) | 20 (17.2) | 0.600 |
| Clinical data | |||||
| Previous antiplatelet, % | 22 (18.6) | 26 (20.9) | 16 (13.3) | 20 (17.2) | 0.461 |
| Previous statin, % | 11 (9.3) | 14 (11.3) | 10 (8.3) | 14 (12.1) | 0.784 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | 23.8 ± 2.6 | 0.028 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 141.8 ± 22.6 | 138.8 ± 17.9 | 136.1 ± 17.6 | 133.0 ± 15.6 | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82.2 ± 9.9 | 81.5 ± 11.3 | 80.4 ± 10.5 | 81.6 ± 10.7 | 0.627 |
| Silent lacunar infarction, % | 50 (42.4) | 48 (38.7) | 53 (45.7) | 47 (37.3) | 0.308 |
| White matter lesions, % | 52 (44.1) | 46 (37.1) | 30 (25.0) | 20 (17.2) | 0.001 |
| NIHSS, score | 4.0 (2.0, 8.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 8.5) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 0.339 |
| END, % | 44 (37.3) | 42 (33.9) | 32 (26.7) | 18 (15.5) | 0.001 |
| Died at discharge, % | 17 (14.4) | 18 (14.5) | 6 (5.0) | 10 (8.6) | 0.042 |
| mRS at discharge, % | 0.056 | ||||
| 0‐2 | 63 (53.4) | 74 (59.7) | 83 (69.2) | 77 (66.4) | |
| 3‐6 | 55 (46.6) | 50 (40.3) | 37 (30.8) | 39 (33.6) | |
| Stroke subtype, % | 0.293 | ||||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 41 (34.7) | 50 (40.3) | 47 (39.2) | 31 (26.7) | |
| Cardioembolism | 22 (18.6) | 20 (16.1) | 20 (16.7) | 23 (19.8) | |
| Small artery occlusion | 36 (30.5) | 41 (33.1) | 34 (28.3) | 50 (43.1) | |
| Other determined etiology | 9 (7.6) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (4.2) | 5 (4.3) | |
| Undetermined etiology | 10 (8.5) | 7 (5.6) | 14 (11.7) | 7 (6.0) | |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 0.027 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.476 |
| High‐density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.3(1.1, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 0.243 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.229 |
| Hs‐CRP, mg/L | 3.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 3.0 (1.0, 6.5) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.8) | 0.108 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 0.027 |
| Homocysteine, mmol/L | 14.1 ± 9.7 | 14.7 ± 8.6 | 13.4 ± 5.4 | 13.3 ± 4.8 | 0.532 |
Note. 25(OH)D: 25‐hydroxyvitamin D; END: early neurological deterioration; Hs‐CRP: hyper‐sensitive C‐reactive protein; mRS: modified Rankin scale; NIHSS: national institute of health stroke scale.