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. 2019 Mar 12;10:179. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00179

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Copyright © 2019 Raber, Yamazaki, Torres, Kirchoff, Stagaman, Sharpton, Turker and Kronenberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Performance of female (A) and male (B) sham-irradiated mice and mice irradiated with mixed beams in the fear conditioning test. (A/B) Males moved more than females during the tones, especially in the 200 cGy dose group (F _1,3 = 11.025; p = 0.001). There was also an effect of irradiation (F _3,75 = 3.040; p = 0.034). Male mice irradiated with 25 cGy moved less than sham-irradiated male mice during the tones (p = 0.0075). (C/D) There was an effect of sex (F _1,75 = 17.407; p < 0.001) during the shocks; males moved more than females during the shocks. There was also an effect of irradiation (F _3,75 = 1.237; p = 0.017); male mice irradiated with 25 cGy moved less than sham-irradiated male mice (p = 0.0305). (E/F) There were no effects of sex (F _1,75 = 0.245, p = 0.622), irradiation (F _3,75 = 0.678, p = 0.568), or a sex × irradiation interaction (F _3,75 = 0.777, p = 0.511) for contextual fear memory. (G/H) Females moved more than males (F _1,75 = 5.092; p = 0.027, ANOVA; by tone F _1,75 = 5.529; p = 0.021, repeated measures ANOVA) but there were no effects of irradiation (F _3,75 = 1.123, p = 0.345), sex F _1,75 = 0.627, p = 0.431), or radiation × sex interaction (F _1,75 = 0.427, p = 0.734) for cued fear memory.