Table 2.
Mean Scores Per Item of the MPPUS (26) by Country and Year.
| Code | Item (Legend) |
Spaina(2017) (16–65years) |
Britainb(2014) (11–18years) |
Switzerlandc (2015) (12–17years) |
USA (2017)d (16–28years) |
Australia (2005)e (18–85years) |
Australia (2018) (18–85years) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Item 1 | I can never spend enough time on my mobile phone. | 2.72 | 2.03 | 4.01 | 3.16 | 3.46 | 2.53 | - | - | 1.62 | 1.18 | 2.06 | 1.85 |
| Item 2 | I have used my mobile phone to make myself feel better when I was feeling down. | 3.16 | 2.48 | 4.01 | 3.19 | 3.84 | 2.88 | 4.88 | 1.67 | 2.67 | 2.50 | 2.97 | 2.55 |
| Item 3 | I find myself occupied on my mobile phone when I should be doing other things, and it causes problems. | 3.05 | 2.31 | 3.63 | 2.97 | 3.71 | 2.68 | - | - | 1.81 | 1.59 | 2.95 | 2.45 |
| Item 4 | All my friends own a mobile phone. | - | - | - | - | 8.68 | 2.20 | - | - | 7.78 | 2.64 | 8.86 | 2.24 |
| Item 5 | I have tried to hide from others how much time I spend on my mobile phone. | 1.87 | 1.74 | 2.82 | 2.76 | 1.95 | 1.97 | - | - | 1.35 | 1.09 | 2.26 | 2.19 |
| Item 6 | I lose sleep due to the time I spend on my mobile phone. | 2.86 | 2.50 | 3.06 | 3.04 | 2.47 | 2.23 | - | - | 1.35 | 1.32 | 2.55 | 2.50 |
| Item 7 | I have received mobile phone bills I could not afford to pay. | 1.98 | 1.92 | 3.10 | 2.83 | 1.37 | 1.40 | - | - | 1.88 | 2.06 | 1.53 | 1.59 |
| Item 8 | When out of range for some time, I become preoccupied with the thought of missing a call. | 3.45 | 2.65 | 3.47 | 3.01 | 2.20 | 2.07 | - | - | 2.15 | 1.80 | 2.01 | 1.83 |
| Item 9 | Sometimes, when I am on the mobile phone and I am doing other things, I get carried away with the conversation and I don't pay attention to what I am doing. | 3.47 | 2.45 | 3.83 | 3.08 | 2.69 | 2.21 | - | - | 2.80 | 2.39 | 2.49 | 2.07 |
| Item 10 | The time I spend on the mobile phone has increased over the last 12 months. | 3.41 | 2.64 | 4.15 | 3.28 | 4.90 | 3.23 | - | - | 3.76 | 2.98 | 3.15 | 2.65 |
| Item 11 | I have used my mobile phone to talk to others when I was feeling isolated. | 3.91 | 2.82 | 4.17 | 3.26 | 3.95 | 3.03 | 5.65 | 1.43 | 3.31 | 2.75 | 3.54 | 2.97 |
| Item 12 | I have attempted to spend less time on my mobile phone but am unable to. | 2.29 | 2.04 | 2.96 | 2.76 | 2.38 | 2.16 | - | - | 1.84 | 1.77 | 2.42 | 2.24 |
| Item 13 | I find it difficult to switch off my mobile phone. | 3.58 | 3.01 | 2.89 | 2.91 | 2.56 | 2.58 | - | - | 3.06 | 3.06 | 2.99 | 2.75 |
| Item 14 | I feel anxious if I have not checked for messages or switched on my mobile | 2.96 | 2.38 | 3.51 | 3.05 | 2.74 | 2.47 | 4.43 | 1.80 | 3.10 | 2.51 | 2.88 | 2.60 |
| Item 15 | I have frequent dreams about the mobile phone. | 1.53 | 1.48 | 2.31 | 2.48 | 1.25 | 1.10 | - | - | 1.11 | 0.49 | 1.37 | 1.20 |
| Item 16 | My friends and family complain about my use of the mobile phone. | 2.22 | 2.05 | 2.80 | 2.75 | 2.98 | 2.62 | - | - | 1.42 | 1.14 | 1.92 | 1.90 |
| Item 17 | If I don't have a mobile phone, my friends would find it hard to get in touch with me | 4.53 | 2.93 | 4.72 | 3.37 | 4.94 | 3.13 | - | - | 4.35 | 3.09 | 5.19 | 3.33 |
| Item 18 | My productivity has decreased as a direct result of the time I spend on the mobile phone. | 1.97 | 1.83 | 2.58 | 2.52 | 2.09 | 1.65 | - | - | 1.42 | 1.03 | 2.43 | 2.32 |
| Item 19 | I have aches and pains that are associated with my mobile phone use. | 1.85 | 1.82 | 2.35 | 2.46 | 1.43 | 1.30 | - | - | 1.42 | 1.27 | 1.85 | 1.85 |
| Item 20 | I find myself engaged on the mobile phone for longer periods of time than intended. | 2.73 | 2.40 | 2.99 | 2.80 | 3.30 | 2.53 | - | - | 2.48 | 2.24 | 3.15 | 2.73 |
| Item 21 | There are times when I would rather use the mobile phone than deal with other more pressing issues. | 2.04 | 1.87 | 3.11 | 2.86 | 4.14 | 2.84 | - | - | 1.68 | 1.53 | 2.99 | 2.70 |
| Item 22 | I am often late for appointments because I'm engaged on the mobile phone when I shouldn't be. | 1.70 | 1.57 | 2.53 | 2.57 | 1.45 | 1.14 | - | - | 1.35 | 1.18 | 1.62 | 1.49 |
| Item 23 | I become irritable if I have to switch off my mobile phone for meetings, dinner engagements, or at the movies. | 1.70 | 1.66 | 2.81 | 2.83 | 1.62 | 1.42 | 3.16 | 1.81 | 1.51 | 1.43 | 1.63 | 1.59 |
| Item 24 | I have been told that I spend too much time on my mobile phone. | 2.22 | 2.16 | 2.92 | 2.86 | 2.86 | 2.68 | - | - | 1.57 | 1.69 | 2.01 | 2.01 |
| Item 25 | More than once I have been in trouble because my mobile phone has gone off during a meeting, lecture, or in a theater. | 2.20 | 2.12 | 3.27 | 3.07 | 1.90 | 1.93 | - | - | 1.98 | 2.01 | 1.72 | 1.55 |
| Item 26 | My friends don't like it when my mobile phone is switched off. | 2.78 | 2.49 | 3.45 | 3.09 | 3.02 | 2.60 | - | - | 3.11 | 2.69 | 2.47 | 2.36 |
| Item 27 | I feel lost without my mobile phone. | 2.74 | 2.36 | 3.75 | 3.32 | 2.95 | 2.63 | - | - | 2.99 | 2.74 | 3.17 | 2.75 |