Table 6.
Overview of selected studies in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage.
| Study | Type of study N (% IVH) | Outcome scale | Follow-up (months) | Results | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICH WITH/WITHOUT IVH (NO SEVERITY GRADING) | |||||
| Tuhrim et al. (10) | Prospective 129 (36%) | Mortality rates | 1 | 42.5 vs. 8.5% | No cutoff identified |
| Steiner et al. (21) | Prospective 374 (45%) | Poor functional outcome (mRS ≥4) | 3 | 56.7 vs. 24.5% | No cutoff identified |
| Bhattathiri et al. (22) | Prospective 902 (42%) | Favorable functional outcome (GOS ≥4) | 6 | 31vs. 15% (p < 0.00001), when IVH absent vs. present | No cutoff identified |
| Hallevi et al. (7) | Retrospective 406 (45%) | Poor functional outcome (mRS ≥4) | 3 | OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.21–5.09 (p < 0.0001) | No cutoff identified |
| Bhatia et al. (12) | Prospective 214 (48%) | Mortality predictor | Hospital discharge | OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.31–5.41 (p = 0.007) | No cutoff identified |
| Mustanoja et al. (13) | Prospective 967 (41%) | Mortality rates | 3 | 54 vs. 18% (p < 0.001) | No cutoff identified |
| ICH WITH/WITHOUT IVH (GRADED BASED ON SEVERITY) | |||||
| Morgan et al. (25) | Databank 1,250 (32%) | Poor functional outcome (mRS ≥3) | 3 | Increasing modified Graeb scores correlate with poor outcome. OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05–1.16 (p < 0.0001) | Modified Graeb Score used as a continuous variable No cutoff identified |
| ICH WITH/WITHOUT IVH (GRADED BASED ON DEFINED SEVERITY CUTOFFS) | |||||
| Godoy et al. (23) | Prospective 153 (48%) | Rate of favorable functional outcome (GOS ≥4) | 6 | 36.4 vs. 14.7% vs. 16.7% for Graeb scores of 1–4, 5–8, and 9–12, respectively (p = 0.20) | Graeb score 1–4 vs. 5–8 vs. 9–12 Included patients with infratentorial and supratentorial location |
| Nishikawa et al. (9) | Retrospective 100 (35%) | Functional outcome (KPS 50–100) | hospital discharge | OR = 3.96, 95% CI = 0.90–17.38; (p = 0.068) | Graeb score ≤ 5 vs. >5 |
| Hansen et al. (6) | Prospective 198 (43%) | Survival and poor functional outcome (mRS ≥4) | 1 and 3 | Increasing modified Graeb scores correlate with 30 days survival, OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27 (p = 0.002) and poor outcome OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02–1.20 (p = 0.011) | Survival was analyzed by modified Graeb scores divided into quartiles: the third and fourth quartiles had worse survival vs. first and second quartiles |
GOS, Glasgow Outcome Score; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.