Table 1.
Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity for methanolic and water extracts of herbs and spices determined using DPPH test (TACDPPH) and FRAP test (TACFRAP)
| Sample number | Plants | Methanolic extracts | Water extracts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPC [mg GA/g] | TACDPPH [%] | TACFRAP [mmol Fe 2+/g] | TPC [mg GA/g] | TACDPPH [%] | TACFRAP [mmol Fe 2+/g] | ||
| Medicinal herbs from Lamiaceae family | |||||||
| 1 | Rosemary leaves (n = 6) |
51.2–178.8 106.2 (125.3) |
41.6–64.7 52.4 (53.5) |
2.2–6.5 4.3 (4.4) |
50.0–96.5 77.2 (80.8) |
19.8–45.5 35.0 (36.8) |
4.2–10.3 6.8 (6.9) |
| 2 | Sage leaves (n = 9) |
16.2–173.6 61.3 (39.2) |
14.1–64.5 36.23 (34.22) |
2.2–7.3 5.1 (5.1) |
25.7–91.6 57.4 (54.1) |
6.4–48.5 26.0 (25.3) |
3.2–7.9 5.5 (5.4) |
| 3 | Thyme herbs (n = 5) |
42.4–240.8 125.9 (93.6) |
32.5–79.3 54.56 (50.36) |
0.6–15.4 6.7 (1.7) |
42.9–99.6 75.2 (75.6) |
12.4–57.6 35.0 (38.3) |
3.8–13.6 7.9 (7.5) |
| 4 | Oregano herbs (n = 3) |
104.3–325.1 214.6 (214.2) |
46.8–87.2 70.4 (77.7) |
6.8–12.4 9.4 (9.2) |
109.8–306.7 219.1 (289.1) |
28.6–61.1 48.5 (55.8) |
21.5–22.3 22.0 (22.1) |
| 5 | Basil herbs (n = 3) |
28.2–29.9 29.0 (29.0) |
19.9–28.3 24.1 (24.1) |
0.9–1.6 1.3 (1.2) |
44.4–47.5 46.0 (46.0) |
13.9–18.8 16.4 (16.4) |
1.2–2.4 1.8 (1.4) |
| 6 | Melissa leaves (n = 8) |
54.9–299.5 124.61 (88.71) |
32.1–87.5 54.4 (51.6) |
9.7–18.3 14.9 (15.9) |
87.9–204.8 132.4 (109.4) |
25.7–67.2 48.7 (48.1) |
20.5–26.9 23.9 (24.0) |
| 7 | Peppermint leaves (n = 9) |
18.3–284.3 85.6(41.3) |
14.5–76.2 38.4 (39.9) |
4.1–14.7 8.7 (7.5) |
40.9–185.6 81.6 (70.6) |
11.5–61.7 32.8 (28.6) |
9.5–18.7 15.1 (17.5) |
| Medicinal herbs from Apiaceae family | |||||||
| 8 | Caraway seed (n = 3) |
8.9–26.9 14.4 (13.5) |
1.3–21.1 9.56(5.5) |
0.1–0.2 0.1 (0.1) |
10.0–24.8 15.9 (15.9) |
4.20–2.6 11.2 (6.1) |
0.1–0.2 0.2 (0.2) |
| 9 | Lovage roots (n = 4) |
13.8–26.4 17.0 (15.6) |
2.9–22.7 9.1 (6.1) |
0.2–0.4 0.4 (0.4) |
10.7–19.8 14.208 (14.2) |
1.8–22.4 8.1 (4.1) |
0.2–0.2 0.2 (0.2) |
| 10 | Angelica roots (n = 5) |
10.9–19.2 15.2 (15.2) |
1.7–21.6 10.5 (7.4) |
0.1–0.2 0.1 (0.2) |
10.2–21.6 15.6 (15.4) |
1.9–22.8 11.5 (6.9) |
0.1–0.2 0.2 (0.22) |
| Spices from Lamiaceae family | |||||||
| 11 | Rosemary (n = 4) |
57.2–147.7 90.9 (74.2) |
43.2–65.9 51.9 (48.2) |
4.0–4.4 4.2 (4.2) |
56.8–87.67 70.2 (69.3) |
19.3–43.4 29.6 (26.6) |
1.7–3.1 2.5 (2.6) |
| 12 | Sage (n = 3) |
103.2–134.9 114.9 (106.5) |
53.2–61.0 57.9 (58.8) |
4.8–5.67 5.1 (5.0) |
71.6–75.0 72.9 (72.6) |
24.5–34.8 29.6 (29.5) |
2.3–3.1 2.7 (2.8) |
| 13 | Thyme (n = 5) |
41.2–212.4 112.6 (72.0) |
28.5–69.6 50.2 (46.9) |
0.8–3.0 1.9 (1.8) |
50.1–163.8 86.7 (73.8) |
14.3–42.9 27.2 (24.1) |
2.2–6.9 4.7 (4.8) |
| 14 | Oregano (n = 9) |
48.0–192.0 105.5 (108.4) |
32.1–65.6 46.6 (45.4) |
2.9–6.1 4.6 (5.0) |
45.6–91.7 70.8 (73.2) |
16.1–43.9 28.6 (28.0) |
1.8–4.3 2.9 (3.0) |
| 15 | Basil (n = 10) |
31.7–112.6 58.8 (59.3) |
16.5–36.0 26.6 (26.3) |
0.6–4.7 2.3 (2.2) |
36.7–78.4 53.4 (49.3) |
11.6–37.6 25.5 (28.1) |
1.2–3.1 2.3 (2.41) |
| 16 | Marjoram (n = 9) |
51.8–236.0 118.4 (130.9) |
19.3–53.04 41.6 (44.3) |
3.2–7.2 5.0 (4.8) |
53.0–190.9 79.2 (68.3) |
6.9–41.4 25.9 (28.2) |
1.8–7.1 3.1 (2.5) |
| 17 | Savory (n = 4) |
38.4–140.2 95.0 (108.0) |
26.2–47.5 37.3 (36.6) |
1.6–4.3 2.7 (2.6) |
55.2–74.2 64.9 (65.3) |
13.0–33.5 24.8 (24.2) |
2.1–3.2 2.6 (2.5) |
| 18 | Hyssop (n = 4) |
18.3–47.1 35.5 (39.1) |
9.8–51.7 29.1 (31.5) |
1.6–2.8 2.2 (2.1) |
28.7–136.3 81.3 (84.5) |
5.1–32.4 21.0 (22.9) |
4.4–5.7 4.89 (4.8) |
| Spices from Apiaceae family | |||||||
| 19 | Caraway (n = 8) |
8.7–17.3 12.2 (11.7) |
3.9–19.5 11.2 (12.5) |
0.1–0.2 0.15(0.2) |
6.4–21.5 12.6 (9.7) |
2.0–28.6 15.2 (20.6) |
0.2–0.2 0.2 (0.2) |
| 20 | Lovage (n = 6) |
12.9–73.8 36.4 (27.8) |
4.8–21.1 12.5 (12.4) |
0.5–1.8 1.1 (1.0) |
20.0–50.7 33.9 (33.1) |
3.6–30.5 14.2 (8.7) |
0.5–1.3 0.8 (0.8) |
| Spices from Asteraceae family | |||||||
| 21 | Tarragon (n = 4) |
97.2–253.5 151.6 (134.6) |
29.0–64.7 40.4 (35.2) |
2.7–4.3 3.2 (3.4) |
59.5–198.3 102.8 (82.6) |
25.6–45.8 32.5 (30.7) |
1.9–6.3 3.4 (3.8) |
The results are expressed as the range, arithmetical mean and median in the parenthesis
n number of independent samples, each being analysed at least in triplicate