Table 1.
Isolate | Clinical specimen | Days of mechanical ventilation | Sequence Type | MICs (mg/L)a | Antibiotic treatment (initiation day)a | Genomic variationb | Coding region change | Amino acid changec | Clinical evolution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TIC | TCC | PIP | CAZ | IPM | CIP | |||||||||
Patient 1 ( strain PA-VAP-1 ) | ||||||||||||||
1A | BAL | 3 days | 1027 | 16 | 16 | ≤4 | 2 | 2 | ≤0.25 | CAZ (day 6) | — | death in intensive care unit | ||
1B | BAL | 14 days | 1027 | 16 | 16 | ≤4 | ≤1 | 2 | ≤0.25 | — | ||||
1C | BAL | 14 days | 1027 | >64 | >64 | >64 | 32 | 2 | ≤0.25 | IPM/AN (day 17) | SNP | ampD: 358 G > T | AmpD: Glu120* | |
SNP | gacA: 601 T > G | GacA: Ser201Ala | ||||||||||||
Patient 2 ( strain PA-VAP-2 ) | ||||||||||||||
2A | BAL | 4 days | 2960 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 | CAZ/CS (day 5) | — | death in intensive care unit | ||
2B | BAL | 27 days | 2960 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 4 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 | INS | oprD: 672_673insC | OprD: Tyr225fs | ||
SNP | groEL: 560 C > T | GroEL: Pro187Leu | ||||||||||||
2C | BAL | 27 days | 2960 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 | FEP/CS (day 30) | SNP | groEL: 560 C > T | GroEL: Pro187Leu | |
SNP | pilM: 808 C > T | PilM: Gln270* | ||||||||||||
INS | pilE: 208_209insTCGG | PilE: Thr70fs | ||||||||||||
Patient 3 ( strain PA-VAP-3 ) | ||||||||||||||
3A | BAL | 1 day | 253 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 2 | IPM/TN (day 1) | — | discharge from intensive care unit | ||
3B | BAL | 11 days | 253 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | IPM (day 11); CAZ/CS (day 13) | DEL | lasR: 138_148delCTACGAGAACG | LasR: Tyr47fs | |
INS | algB: 853_854insCCGCGACCAA | AlgB: Trp288fs | ||||||||||||
3C | BAL | 35 days | 253 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 4 | ≥16 | 2 | FEP (day 37) | DEL | lasR: 138_148delCTACGAGAACG | LasR: Tyr47fs | |
INS | algB: 853_854insCCGCGACCAA | AlgB: Trp288fs | ||||||||||||
DEL | oprD: 16_132del117-bp | OprD: loss of 39 AA | ||||||||||||
SNP | mpl: 314 T > G | Mpl: Val105Gly | ||||||||||||
Patient 4 ( strain PA-VAP-4 ) | ||||||||||||||
4A | BAL | 21 days | 2042 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 1 | ≤0.25 | FEP/LVX (day 22) | — | discharge from intensive care unit | ||
4B | BAL | 46 days | 2042 | ≥128 | ≥128 | 64 | 8 | 1 | 1 | IPM (day 46) | SNP | lasR: 676 G >A | LasR: Val226Ile | |
DEL | rhlA, rhlB, and rhlR: 175_1 del 2186-bp | loss of RhlR & RhlB RhlA: Phe59fs | ||||||||||||
INS | mexR: 80_81insT | MexR: Glu27fs | ||||||||||||
4C | blood culture | 48 days | 2042 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 1 | ≤0.25 | — |
aAN, amikacin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CS, colistin; FEP, cefepime; IPM, imipenem; LVX, levofloxacin; PIP, piperacillin; TCC, ticarcillin-clavulanate; TIC, ticarcillin; TN, tobramycin.
bDEL, deletion; INS, insertion; SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.
c,*STOP codon; AA, amino acids; fs, frameshift mutation.