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. 2019 Mar 18;9:4720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41201-5

Table 1.

List of studied P. aeruginosa isolates with antibiotic susceptibility profiles, antibiotics received by patients, genomic variations found between the earliest isolate and late isolates of each patient, and clinical evolution.

Isolate Clinical specimen Days of mechanical ventilation Sequence Type MICs (mg/L)a Antibiotic treatment (initiation day)a Genomic variationb Coding region change Amino acid changec Clinical evolution
TIC TCC PIP CAZ IPM CIP
Patient 1 ( strain PA-VAP-1 )
1A BAL 3 days 1027 16 16 ≤4 2 2 ≤0.25 CAZ (day 6) death in intensive care unit
1B BAL 14 days 1027 16 16 ≤4 ≤1 2 ≤0.25
1C BAL 14 days 1027 >64 >64 >64 32 2 ≤0.25 IPM/AN (day 17) SNP ampD: 358 G > T AmpD: Glu120*
SNP gacA: 601 T > G GacA: Ser201Ala
Patient 2 ( strain PA-VAP-2 )
2A BAL 4 days 2960 32 32 8 4 0.5 ≤0.25 CAZ/CS (day 5) death in intensive care unit
2B BAL 27 days 2960 64 32 16 4 ≥16 ≤0.25 INS oprD: 672_673insC OprD: Tyr225fs
SNP groEL: 560 C > T GroEL: Pro187Leu
2C BAL 27 days 2960 32 32 16 4 0.5 ≤0.25 FEP/CS (day 30) SNP groEL: 560 C > T GroEL: Pro187Leu
SNP pilM: 808 C > T PilM: Gln270*
INS pilE: 208_209insTCGG PilE: Thr70fs
Patient 3 ( strain PA-VAP-3 )
3A BAL 1 day 253 32 32 16 4 1 2 IPM/TN (day 1) discharge from intensive care unit
3B BAL 11 days 253 32 16 8 4 1 2 IPM (day 11); CAZ/CS (day 13) DEL lasR: 138_148delCTACGAGAACG LasR: Tyr47fs
INS algB: 853_854insCCGCGACCAA AlgB: Trp288fs
3C BAL 35 days 253 32 32 8 4 ≥16 2 FEP (day 37) DEL lasR: 138_148delCTACGAGAACG LasR: Tyr47fs
INS algB: 853_854insCCGCGACCAA AlgB: Trp288fs
DEL oprD: 16_132del117-bp OprD: loss of 39 AA
SNP mpl: 314 T > G Mpl: Val105Gly
Patient 4 ( strain PA-VAP-4 )
4A BAL 21 days 2042 32 32 16 2 1 ≤0.25 FEP/LVX (day 22) discharge from intensive care unit
4B BAL 46 days 2042 ≥128 ≥128 64 8 1 1 IPM (day 46) SNP lasR: 676 G >A LasR: Val226Ile
DEL rhlA, rhlB, and rhlR: 175_1 del 2186-bp loss of RhlR & RhlB RhlA: Phe59fs
INS mexR: 80_81insT MexR: Glu27fs
4C blood culture 48 days 2042 32 16 8 2 1 ≤0.25

aAN, amikacin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CS, colistin; FEP, cefepime; IPM, imipenem; LVX, levofloxacin; PIP, piperacillin; TCC, ticarcillin-clavulanate; TIC, ticarcillin; TN, tobramycin.

bDEL, deletion; INS, insertion; SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.

c,*STOP codon; AA, amino acids; fs, frameshift mutation.