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. 2019 Mar 18;9:4784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41410-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Designed bioreactor with the modified transwell culture system. (A) Elastic culture plate made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Under uniaxial stretching, the strain ratio of the two rows was 1:2. (B) Mobile supporting frame operated by a servomotor, which generates cyclic uniaxial stretching. (C) The modified transwell culture system. The HA hydrogel and EGCG-loaded hydrogel were placed above the permeable membrane of the transwell, while the TDCs were cultured below the membrane on the PDMS plate. Arrow: stretching direction.