Figure 4.
Pathway overview of nicotinate & nicotinamide metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism correlated with the top DEGs. (a) Relative concentrations of significantly upregulated metabolites in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways, detected before the 1st and after the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th vaccinations (all), correlated with the upregulated NAMPT and NADSYN1 genes after the 2nd vaccination. (b) Relative concentrations of significantly upregulated metabolites in folate biosynthesis pathway detected before the 1st and after the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th vaccinations (all), correlated with the upregulated ALPL gene after the 2nd and 4th vaccinations. (c) Relative concentrations of significantly upregulated metabolites in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway detected before the 1st and after the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th vaccinations (all), correlated with the upregulated MS4A2 and ALOX5 genes after the 3rd vaccination. ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05; ns, not significant (p > 0.05), per student’s t-test.