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. 2019 Mar 1;56(3):1631–1640. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03689-7

Table 1.

Concentration of Volatile Compounds in Jujube Fruits, μg/100 g FW

BJ BZ DB HP JB JD JS LB
Aldehydes
(E)-2-Pentenal 22.66 ± 1.90 b 27.71 ± 0.42 a 14.12 ± 0.91 de 11.77 ± 0.48 defg n.d. 15.38 ± 1.39 cd 13.43 ± 0.92 def 14.19 ± 0.80 de
Hexanal 1314 ± 28 a 830.7 ± 21.3 b 763.1 ± 20.5 b 372.7 ± 11.3 ef 61.25 ± 3.02 h 814.6 ± 12.0 b 562.0 ± 10.2 d 575.5 ± 21.8 d
(E)-2-Hexenal 1524 ± 12 c 1694 ± 53 b 1392 ± 27 d 741.8 ± 15.6 efg 145.1 ± 2.37 i 774.7 ± 20.8 ef 570.4 ± 9.7 h 1510 ± 33 cd
Heptanal 77.57 ± 1.91 b 67.74 ± 1.63 bc 64.07 ± 2.94 bcd 39.13 ± 2.12 defg 67.39 ± 2.20 bc 64.45 ± 3.74 bcd 44.09 ± 1.48 cdefg 57.82 ± 2.33 bcdef
(Z)-2-Heptenal 53.34 ± 4.83 cde 87.21 ± 2.81 b 63.82 ± 2.78 c 45.43 ± 1.88 def 25.15 ± 1.35 g 114.3 ± 6.7 a 62.15 ± 3.61 cd 37.33 ± 0.46 efg
Benzaldehyde 342.5 ± 12.4 b 106.1 ± 5.2 cde 455.7 ± 8.4 a 190.1 ± 8.6 c 512.0 ± 13.5 a 48.58 ± 0.44 def 84.11 ± 3.04 def 57.88 ± 2.96 def
Furan, 2-pentyl- 56.52 ± 5.05 de 116.8 ± 1.5 b 65.74 ± 1.06 d 40.04 ± 3.96 f 20.25 ± 1.00 g 84.56 ± 2.07 c 53.65 ± 2.10 e 59.28 ± 1.80 de
Octanal 356.9 ± 10.3 a 104.1 ± 1.8 d 108.2 ± 4.1 d 37.49 ± 1.19 f 134.5 ± 4.1 c 173.1 ± 3.6 b 110.1 ± 4.8 d 122.5 ± 2.4 cd
Benzeneacetaldehyde n.d. 10.89 ± 0.43 c n.d. n.d. 32.13 ± 1.27 a 3.96 ± 0.36 e n.d. 7.39 ± 0.12 d
(E)-2-Octenal 87.08 ± 6.78 de 111.2 ± 3.7 bc 124.3 ± 2.3 ab 103.4 ± 3.5 cd 81.27 ± 3.17 e 115.9 ± 5.2 abc 80.21 ± 2.85 e 57.14 ± 1.45 f
Nonanal 635.0 ± 21.3 b 516.6 ± 16.5 cd 440.9 ± 17.0 de 188.2 ± 6.5 i 555.7 ± 16.6 bc 649.2 ± 16.1 b 284.3 ± 15.9 gh 411.1 ± 13.7 ef
(E)-2-Nonenal 47.79 ± 3.71 bcd 50.16 ± 0.57 bcd 71.98 ± 2.24 bc 42.26 ± 2.50 cd 77.24 ± 2.00 bc 83.73 ± 1.18 b 44.50 ± 1.22 cd 35.41 ± 1.06 d
Decanal 131.5 ± 4.4 cde 210.3 ± 3.8 b 215.6 ± 11.7 ab 100.6 ± 3.2 ef 192.8 ± 6.5 b 192.2 ± 2.9 b 151.4 ± 12.6 c 150.3 ± 4.9 c
(E)-2-Decenal 6.57 ± 0.71 b 11.14 ± 0.43 b 8.83 ± 0.19 b 11.17 ± 0.33 b 13.95 ± 1.58 b 12.76 ± 1.60 b 5.71 ± 0.38 b 7.31 ± 0.32 b
10-Undecenal 4.24 ± 0.35 d 24.64 ± 2.09 a 4.33 ± 0.22 n.d. n.d. 7.40 ± 0.22 bcd n.d. n.d.
Undecanal 15.55 ± 1.24 g 50.51 ± 4.28 b 27.93 ± 1.63 ef 16.53 ± 0.33 g 37.98 ± 0.72 cd 27.97 ± 3.12 ef 26.12 ± 0.54 f 19.68 ± 1.82 fg
2-Undecenal 4.67 ± 0.51 d 7.47 ± 0.24 c 7.67 ± 0.56 c n.d. n.d. 11.38 ± 0.42 b 4.13 ± 0.10 d n.d.
Dodecanal 5.21 ± 0.85 g 15.93 ± 0.12 b 9.70 ± 0.59 de 8.49 ± 0.21 ef n.d. 13.65 ± 0.88 bc 8.74 ± 0.69 de n.d.
Alcohols
1-Octen-3-ol 10.34 ± 0.15 c 7.59 ± 0.48 de 10.02 ± 0.63 c 16.33 ± 0.59 b 14.05 ± 0.70 b 3.78 ± 0.22 gh 2.60 ± 0.20 h n.d.
Benzyl alcohol 85.66 ± 5.24 a n.d. 95.38 ± 3.80 a 21.09 ± 1.29 e 38.22 ± 4.03 c 7.52 ± 0.22 f 34.66 ± 1.18 cd 19.91 ± 2.17 e
Acids
Hexanoic acid 116.8 ± 5.42 ef 222.6 ± 20.1 a 189.5 ± 5.7 abc 155.4 ± 5.1 cd n.d. 94.09 ± 1.77 fg 54.51 ± 1.61 h 197.1 ± 6.6 ab
Octanoic Acid n.d. 83.88 ± 5.15 c n.d. 42.03 ± 3.54 de 99.38 ± 1.84 b 19.34 ± 2.51 f 35.80 ± 2.40 e 18.25 ± 1.32 f
Nonanoic acid n.d. 9.46 ± 1.16 c n.d. n.d. n.d. 14.83 ± 1.53 b 3.81 ± 0.14 ef n.d.
n-Decanoic acid 333.5 ± 8.3 e 1189 ± 129 a 354.2 ± 13.9 de 244.2 ± 16.3 ef 674.6 ± 12.9 bc 852.7 ± 17.4 b 1106 ± 56 a 274.4 ± 9.2 e
Dodecanoic acid 139.9 ± 1.8 defg 249.4 ± 1.9 d 195.1 ± 7.2 de 29.39 ± 2.03 fgh 1048 ± 24 b 693.3 ± 7.4 c 151.4 ± 4.0 def 112.2 ± 2.6 efgh
Esters
Hexanoic acid, methyl ester n.d. 5.26 ± 0.10 a n.d. 2.67 ± 0.04 c n.d. n.d. n.d. 5.43 ± 0.25 a
Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester n.d. n.d. n.d. 37.35 ± 1.30 a n.d. n.d. n.d. 16.49 ± 1.14 b
Benzoic acid, ethyl ester 2.02 ± 0.08 c n.d. n.d. 424.2 ± 23.8 b 822.9 ± 21.2 a n.d. n.d. 8.74 ± 0.81 c
Octanoic acid, ethyl ester n.d. n.d. n.d. 10.59 ± 0.66 c 31.02 ± 2.47 a n.d. n.d. 14.37 ± 1.03 b
Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester n.d. 10.60 ± 0.87 d 195.1 ± 7.2 a 2.34 ± 0.17 de 31.26 ± 1.54 b 3.46 ± 0.19 de 2.57 ± 0.06 de 6.42 ± 0.34 de
Ketones
2-Nonanone 3.93 ± 0.08 i 14.62 ± 0.32 fgh 8.61 ± 0.37 hi 57.11 ± 1.61 c 98.71 ± 3.91 a 10.66 ± 0.19 ghi 8.66 ± 0.12 hi 87.99 ± 2.59 b
2-Undecanone 3.94 ± 0.32 ij 15.65 ± 1.01 ef 6.38 ± 0.11 hi 24.37 ± 1.78 d 80.16 ± 2.65 a 13.86 ± 1.22 fg 13.16 ± 0.56 fg 21.55 ± 1.62 de
5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl- 18.09 ± 1.28 hi 66.92 ± 3.24 c 39.38 ± 1.57 efg 36.34 ± 2.27 fgh 91.47 ± 10.49 b 59.58 ± 1.15 cde 28.32 ± 1.15 ghi 16.99 ± 1.71 hi
LZ NP PB PZ XZ YL YZ
Aldehydes
(E)-2-Pentenal 15.79 ± 0.71 cd 9.27 ± 0.40 fg 27.79 ± 0.66 a 10.67 ± 0.69 efg 18.74 ± 0.41 bc 8.47 ± 0.09 g 4.03 ± 0.25 h
Hexanal 541.6 ± 15.0 d 431.1 ± 12.2 e 675.5 ± 20.1 c 438.7 ± 10.9 e 558.8 ± 18.1 d 303.3 ± 5.3 fg 276.5 ± 15.8 g
(E)-2-Hexenal 707.5 ± 16.8 fg 624.6 ± 14.2 gh 1557 ± 19 c 842.6 ± 11.4 e 1876 ± 30 a 531.9 ± 13.1 h 263.5 ± 14.9 i
Heptanal 30.60 ± 3.13 g 31.68 ± 0.63 fg 60.36 ± 16.78 bcde 37.55 ± 0.95 efg 131.9 ± 5.6 a 36.11 ± 1.40 efg 27.00 ± 2.51 g
(Z)-2-Heptenal 50.18 ± 2.35 cde 29.47 ± 1.51 fg 94.92 ± 6.47 b 30.04 ± 1.25 fg 58.11 ± 1.16 cd 27.85 ± 0.50 g 26.59 ± 3.34 g
Benzaldehyde 177.6 ± 61.1 c 136.4 ± 4.7 cd 109.5 ± 4.7 cde 10.24 ± 0.36 f 68.51 ± 3.01 def 44.87 ± 0.96 ef 13.47 ± 0.60 f
Furan, 2-pentyl- 56.95 ± 1.26 de 38.42 ± 1.81 f 164.0 ± 3.2 a 28.78 ± 1.41 fg 67.09 ± 0.70 d 25.18 ± 0.35 g 59.66 ± 1.07 de
Octanal 70.36 ± 2.40 e 136.6 ± 6.1 c n.d. 182.7 ± 3.4 b 63.92 ± 2.31 e 172.4 ± 3.0 b 22.25 ± 1.63 f
Benzeneacetaldehyde n.d. n.d. 15.72 ± 0.31 b 4.48 ± 0.16 e 8.79 ± 0.38 d 5.30 ± 0.06 e 4.67 ± 0.23 e
(E)-2-Octenal 80.49 ± 1.65 e 56.85 ± 2.05 f 131.4 ± 5.38 a 41.35 ± 3.01 f 53.73 ± 1.24 f 57.55 ± 2.61 f 49.09 ± 0.79 f
Nonanal 264.1 ± 16.4 ghi 333.8 ± 10.3 fg 228.3 ± 3.7 hi 399.6 ± 8.5 ef 330.8 ± 2.7 fg 228.0 ± 3.4 hi 1047 ± 50 a
(E)-2-Nonenal 41.34 ± 2.38 cd 27.13 ± 0.78 d 61.72 ± 15.98 bcd 26.92 ± 0.68 d 50.74 ± 1.94 bcd 41.18 ± 0.99 cd 201.6 ± 20.5 a
Decanal 110.8 ± 2.9 de 139.2 ± 2.9 cd 246.1 ± 9.6 a 121.2 ± 5.1 cde 200.3 ± 9.0 b 143.3 ± 2.6 cd 73.77 ± 4.33 f
(E)-2-Decenal 6.42 ± 0.16 b 6.65 ± 0.32 b 13.08 ± 0.77 b 4.36 ± 0.28 b 6.06 ± 0.24 b 9.31 ± 0.24 b 64.58 ± 6.71 a
10-Undecenal 5.16 ± 0.22 cd 4.87 ± 0.17 cd 8.57 ± 0.67 bc n.d. 26.53 ± 1.62 a n.d. 11.12 ± 0.43 b
Undecanal 21.62 ± 0.53 fg 28.92 ± 2.09 def 36.33 ± 1.41 de 15.04 ± 1.00 g 46.82 ± 1.04 bc 82.86 ± 0.85 a 81.03 ± 1.34 a
2-Undecenal 4.70 ± 0.03 d 3.87 ± 0.14 de 8.39 ± 0.59 c 1.85 ± 0.07 ef 3.44 ± 0.19 de n.d. 27.45 ± 1.06 a
Dodecanal 11.42 ± 0.97 cd 5.80 ± 0.18 fg 21.51 ± 1.08 a 5.68 ± 0.31 fg 5.60 ± 0.21 fg n.d. 4.07 ± 0.25 g
Alcohols
1-Octen-3-ol 4.05 ± 0.02 gh 6.50 ± 0.16 def 27.50 ± 0.86 a 4.83 ± 0.13 fgh 8.76 ± 0.29 cd 5.95 ± 0.12 efg 15.80 ± 0.77 b
Benzyl alcohol 25.24 ± 1.01 de 59.48 ± 1.62 b 4.41 ± 0.14 f 2.47 ± 0.16 f n.d. n.d. n.d.
Acids
Hexanoic acid 151.2 ± 3.2 de 74.84 ± 2.95 gh 189.4 ± 5.3 abc 56.41 ± 2.15 h 205.5 ± 7.1 ab 172.4 ± 3.0 bcd 57.93 ± 5.23 h
Octanoic Acid 29.39 ± 2.17 ef 79.17 ± 2.87 c 42.75 ± 1.93 de 52.09 ± 1.99 d n.d. 136.4 ± 5.1 a 21.12 ± 1.36 f
Nonanoic acid 7.50 ± 0.13 cd 1.89 ± 0.04 fg 8.95 ± 0.19 c 5.35 ± 0.17 de 17.58 ± 0.42 a 12.81 ± 0.25 b n.d.
n-Decanoic acid 419.6 ± 20.4 de 828.1 ± 17.2 b 665.3 ± 8.7 bc 713.3 ± 11.4 bc 558.9 ± 14.4 cd 1268 ± 50 a 58.42 ± 1.50 f
Dodecanoic acid 127.3 ± 7.7 defgh 93.20 ± 1.58 efgh 115.7 ± 9.2 efgh 126.9 ± 5.2 defgh 17.00 ± 0.57 gh 1319 ± 89 a 8.52 ± 0.04 h
Esters
Hexanoic acid, methyl ester 1.96 ± 0.05 d n.d. 3.66 ± 0.17 b n.d. 2.50 ± 0.19 c 2.83 ± 0.09 c n.d.
Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Benzoic acid, ethyl ester n.d. n.d. 17.70 ± 0.96 c 3.85 ± 0.20 c n.d. n.d. 18.67 ± 1.33 c
Octanoic acid, ethyl ester n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester 3.24 ± 0.17 de 7.88 ± 0.57 de 5.75 ± 0.20 de n.d. 9.33 ± 0.13 de 20.88 ± 0.46 c n.d.
Ketones
2-Nonanone 10.17 ± 0.34 ghi 11.22 ± 0.38 gh 32.99 ± 0.88 d 7.51 ± 0.24 hi 21.89 ± 1.33 e 21.06 ± 0.21 ef 16.57 ± 0.54 efg
2-Undecanone 7.85 ± 0.25 ghi 9.99 ± 1.05 fgh 14.24 ± 0.35 f 5.74 ± 0.27 hij 33.74 ± 0.37 c 62.03 ± 1.74 b n.d.
5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl- 41.30 ± 0.46 defg 56.80 ± 1.55 cdef 57.41 ± 1.56 cde 12.12 ± 0.33 i 23.79 ± 1.32 ghi 60.64 ± 0.77 cd 277.5 ± 10.1 a

Data were represented by mean value ± standard error

n.d. means not detected

The same letters in the same row followed the data means no significant difference, (p < 0.05)