Table 1.
Fruit-set and number seeds/fruit from selected plant species with contrasted incidence of honeybees.
| Plant species (N° individual plants) | Relative visit rate by honeybees | Autogamy | Experimental time periods | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre- | apis- | |||||
| Erysimum scoparium (Brassicaceae) (N = 26) | Low | Fruit-set | 45.71 ± 37.12 (322) | 70.61 ± 16.26 (792) | 67.14 ± 25 (333) | 0.901 |
| N° seeds | 1.83 ± 3.91 (154) | 10.90 ± 7.98 (529) | 14.09 ± 7.73 (229) | 0.244 | ||
| A vs. nA | 0.00 vs. 1.58 | 0.02 vs. 1.02 | ||||
| Scrophularia glabrata (Scrophulariaceae) (N = 25) | Low | Fruit-set | 6.38 ± 8.32 (430) | 66.74 ± 17.28 (924) | 64.10 ± 28.07 (645) | 0.619 |
| N° seeds | 55.70 ± 52.6 (31) | 82.85 ± 45.45 (631) | 93.61 ± 45.18 (380) | 0.304 | ||
| A vs. nA | 0.00 vs. 1.42 | 0.03 vs. 0.81 | ||||
| Adenocarpus viscosus (Fabaceae) (N = 15) | Moderate | Fruit-set | 0.74 ± 2.87 (110) | 35.11 ± 16.13 (281) | 38.21 ± 14.61 (312) | 0.534 |
| N° seeds | 0.07 ± 0.26 (1) | 2.80 ± 1.15 (102) | 2.43 ± 0.86 (123) | 0.304 | ||
| A vs. nA | 0.11 vs. 1.96 | 0.17 vs. 1.33 | ||||
| Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) (N = 10) | High | Fruit-set | 35.52 ± 5.54 (1627) | 37.62 ± 11.77 (1582) | 62.23 ± 19.46 (2316) | 0.001 |
| N° seeds | 1.77 ± 0.34 (553) | 2.14 ± 0.49 (576) | 1.68 ± 0.49 (1532) | 0.043 | ||
| A vs. nA | 0.00 vs. 0.80 | 8.04 vs. 0.41 | ||||
| Spartocytisus supranubius (Fabaceae) (N = 25) | High | Fruit-set | 0.00 ± 0.00 (820) | 2.39 ± 3.38 (2182) | 6.71 ± 7.43 (1441) | 0.006 |
| N° seeds | — | 2.19 ± 1.36 (54) | 1.55 ± 1.3 (107) | 0.017 | ||
| A vs. nA | 0.00 vs. 2.85 | 1.13 vs. 0.94 | ||||
Comparative data were obtained from the same individual plant in two experimental periods (pre- and apis-). “A. vs. nA” indicates the averaged 5-min visit rates by A. mellifera vs. non-Apis pollinators. The number of individual plants, flowers and fruits sampled by species and experimental periods are shown in parentheses. Values are mean ± SD.
P values correspond to paired-t tests.