Fig. 1.

Workflow for targeted peptide selection and vaccine manufacture.

Certain CTAs have been discovered in tumor tissues through immunohistochemical and HLA typing and determined by serotyping techniques. Thus, personal CTA HLA-binding peptides can be selected as target peptides for vaccine design. Candidate peptides are selected for incorporation into the personalized peptide vaccine, which is administered to patients in combination with an immune adjuvant to trigger an immune response to attack tumor cells.