TABLE 1.

Descriptive characteristics of the sample

Characteristics	Mean ± SEM or %
Household characteristics, n = 4790
Household size
2–3 people	12.2
4–8 people	62.9
≥9 people	24.9
Sources of income
Agriculture	96.3
Livestock	72.4
Small business	27.3
Household head characteristics, n = 4790
Education
No education at all	74.1
No formal education1	13.1
Primary school	10.4
Secondary school or more	2.4
Muslim	99.2
Marital status
Single/divorced/widowed	1.1
Monogamous	15.1
Polygamous	83.8
Female household head	19.0
Household agriculture practices, n = 4726
Crops harvested over the past 12 mo
No. of food crop groups	2.59 ± 0.03
Cereals	99.2
Tubers	13.1
Pulses (beans, peas, groundnuts)	96.3
Vegetables and fruits	55.6
Livestock owned over the past 12 mo
No. of livestock groups	1.72 ± 0.05
Household owns at least 1 animal	77.8
Poultry	51.0
Cattle	52.3
Goats and sheep	66.3
Camel	2.8
Pigs	0.4
Farm production diversity score2	4.31 ± 0.07
Household food security, n = 4790
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale
Food secure	36.6
Moderately food insecure	16.2
Mildly food insecure	27.7
Severely food insecure	19.5
Household Hunger Scale
Little to no hunger	90.5
Moderate/severe hunger	9.5
Women's characteristics, n = 5046
Age, y	28.56 ± 0.13
Education
No education at all	93.6
No formal schooling1	1.4
Primary school	4.5
Secondary or more	0.5
Occupation
Working mothers	26.3
Housewife	68.2
Other (student/retired/seeking employment/other)	5.5

¹Schooling outside the framework of the formal education system (e.g., Koranic School).

²Number of crop/livestock groups produced over the past 12 mo.