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. 2019 Mar 12;9:137. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00137

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Copyright © 2019 Sun, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Yang and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GRP78 mediates hypoxia-induced EMT through smad2/3 and SRC/MAPK signaling. Hypoxia induced the high expression of GRP78. High expressed GRP78 activated the smad2/3 and Src/MAPK pathway. The pathway activated the expression of EMT transcription factor (snail, Twist and ZEB) and collaborated with them to induce the expression of Fibronectin, Vimentin and inhibit the expression of E-cadherin.