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. 2019 Feb 19;19(4):3168–3178. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9970

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Copyright: © Zhao et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 6. — ASX suppresses TGF-β1-induced expression of profibrogenic factors via inactivation of the Smad signaling pathway. Protein expression levels of (A) collagen I, (B) α-SMA, (C) Smad2, (D) Smad3, (E) Smad4 and (F) Smad7 in NRK-52E cells were assessed by western blotting. The data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. ASX, Astaxanthin; NS, not significant; p, phosphorylated; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction.