Table 2.
Serum cytokine profiles in two disease types of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease
| Cytokine/GF protein (pg/mL) | Radiographic Features | *P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| min LOD | max LOD | FC (N = 6) | NS (N = 21) | ||
| Proinflamatory | |||||
| G-CSF | 16 | 10,000 | 46.6 (32.4–68.4) | N/A | < 0.05 |
| GM-CSF | 0.64 | 10,000 | 11.4 (1.8–50.1) | 3.5 (0.64–11.7) | NS |
| IFN-γ | 3.2 | 10,000 | 12.8 (6.2–37.6) | 3.9 (3.2–29.7) | NS |
| IL-1β | 0.64 | 10,000 | 3.0 (0.64–20.6) | N/A | NS |
| IL-6 | 0.64 | 2000 | 38.6 (18.1–225.3) | 21.7 (3.8–87.6) | NS |
| IL-7 | 0.64 | 2000 | 13.1 (6.3–32.5) | 6.5 (0.64–9.0) | NS |
| IL-17A | 0.64 | 10,000 | 3.1 (1.2–9.0) | 1.7 (0.3–15.6) | NS |
| sCD40L | 0.64 | 10,000 | N/A | 5278 (3960–6276) | < 0.05 |
| TNF-α | 0.64 | 10,000 | 50.6 (19.3–131.3) | 45.2 (25.6–73.5) | NS |
| Chemokine | |||||
| Eotaxin | 3.2 | 10,000 | 122 (101–134) | 134 (112–168) | NS |
| GRO | 16 | 10,000 | 1285 (1137–1784) | 896 (771–1567) | NS |
| IL-8 | 0.64 | 10,000 | 361 (143–906) | 230 (104–650) | NS |
| CXCL10 | 3.2 | 10,000 | 979 (757–1496) | 451 (268–556) | < 0.05 |
| CCL2 | 3.2 | 10,000 | 600 ± 120 | 600 ± 183 | NS |
| CCL3 | 16 | 2000 | 345 (14–610) | 216 (124–505) | NS |
| CCL4 | 16 | 10,000 | 191 (37–415) | 173 (93–373) | NS |
| CCL22 | 16 | 10,000 | 863 ± 163 | 657 ± 309 | NS |
| Anti-inflammatory | |||||
| IL-1RA | 3.2 | 10,000 | 73.9 (31.3–136.5) | 18.7 (3.2–29.4) | < 0.005 |
| IL-5 | 0.64 | 10,000 | 1.9 (0.64–5.9) | N/A | NS |
| IL-10 | 0.64 | 10,000 | 3.5 (1.4–14.7) | N/A | < 0.05 |
| Growth factor | |||||
| EGF | 16 | 10,000 | 294 ± 66 | 247 ± 117 | NS |
| FGF-2 | 16 | 10,000 | 94.3 (48.9–150.9) | 55.0 (16.3–82.3) | NS |
| Flt-3 L | 3.2 | 10,000 | 3.2 (3.2–21.7) | 12.1 (3.2–27.4) | NS |
| TGF-α | 0.64 | 2000 | 12.0 (10.3–18.9) | 6.6 (4.6–13.0) | NS |
| VEGF | 80 | 10,000 | 531 ± 318 | 300 ± 234 | NS |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range). Items with more than half cases below or over the LOD were excluded
Abbreviations, GF growth factor, LOD limit of detection, FC fibrocavitary type, NB nodular bronchiectatic type, EGF epidermal growth factor, FGF fibroblast growth factor, Flt-3 L FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage-CSF, GRO growth-related oncogene, IFN-γ interferon gamma, IL interleukin, IL-1RA IL-1 receptor antagonist, CXCL10 CXC motif ligand 10, CCL CC motif ligand, sCD40L soluble CD40 ligand, TGF transforming growth factor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, N/A not available (median was below or over LOD)
*P-values were calculated in relation to two radiographic features. Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. For enrolled cytokines/growth factors, we replaced the values less than LOD with LOD and analyzed with nonparametric analysis or Fisher’s exact test with cut-off as LOD value. NS, not significant