Table 5.

Joint effect of autoimmune disease and DMARD or prednisone use on 30-day mortality

Association between autoimmune disease and 30-day mortality, accounting for chronic DMARD and prednisone use	Sepsis cohort		Septic shock cohort
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
All potential confounders adjusteda
No autoimmune disease presence
No chronic DMARD/prednisone usage	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Autoimmune disease presence
No chronic DMARD or prednisone usage	0.82 (0.58–1.16)	0.272	0.76 (0.50–1.14)	0.186
Chronic DMARD or prednisone usage	0.89 (0.65–1.20)	0.452	0.87 (0.62–1.22)	0.428
SOFA score adjusted
No autoimmune disease presence
No chronic DMARD/prednisone usage	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Autoimmune disease presence
No chronic DMARD or prednisone usage	0.80 (0.57–1.11)	0.190	0.73 (0.49–1.07)	0.114
Chronic DMARD or prednisone usage	0.84 (0.62–1.12)	0.231	0.77 (0.55–1.07)	0.121

Sepsis cohort—ICU patients with sepsis as defined by Martin criteria. Septic shock cohort—ICU patients with sepsis as defined by Martin criteria and three consecutive mean arterial blood pressure readings below 65 mmHg in a 30-min period or at least one dose of vasopressors during the ICU stay

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

^aOR adjusted for age, sex, race, SOFA score at ICU admission, Elixhauser comorbidity index, pre-admission chronic DMARD or prednisone use, ICU care unit, documented bacteremia, and infection site