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. 2019 Mar 7;10:120. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00120

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Copyright © 2019 Ramos-Leví and Marazuela.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of the therapeutic approach to acromegalic patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and its reported effects. It is worth emphasizing that a prompt initiation of treatment allows a higher probabilitiy of cardiovascular control. In fact, regression of established alterations may be even feasible. A general management should be warranted, including smoking cessation, lifestyle modifications, and optimal pharmacotherapy for each of the potential problems encountered, including adequate control of glucose and lipid profiles. Besides, control of GH/IGF-I excess with the available acromegaly-directed treatment modalities further ameliorates cardiovascular comorbidities. ↓: decrease; ↑: increase.