Table 2.
Primary outcome measures
| Primary Outcome variables | Control (C) n=28 | Pre-emptive (PE) n=28 | Post-surgery (PS) n=28 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS 30 min | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| VAS 1 ha | 0 (0-2) | 0 (0-0)b | 0 (0-2) | 0.004 |
| VAS 2 h | 2.3 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.3)b | 1.7 (0.9) | 0.049 |
| VAS 4 h | 3.8 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.3)b | 2.9 (1.2)b | <0.001 |
| VAS 6 h | 4.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (0.7)b | 3.7 (1.4) | 0.016 |
| VAS 24 h | 4.6 (1.0) | 3.9 (0.8)b | 3.8 (0.9)b | 0.005 |
| Time to the first request of analgesia (min) | 238.0 (103.2) | 409.2 (115.5)b,c | 337.5 (97.5)b | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or median (Inter quartile range 25-75); n – Number of patients; VAS – Visual analogue score (0-100 mm); aData analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test; bP<0.05 versus control group; cP<0.05 versus PS