Table 1.
A summarizing signaling pathways of PSCs and stem cells.
| Signaling pathways | Functions |
|
|---|---|---|
| PSCs | Stem cells | |
| MAPK | α-SMA expression, proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis | Proliferation, self-renew, differentiation |
| PI3K | Proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis | Proliferation, self-renew, differentiation |
| PKC | Collagen synthesis | Migration, self-renew |
| JAK/STAT | Proliferation | Proliferation, differentiation |
| Smads | Collagen synthesis | Migration, differentiation |
| Hhh | Migration | Differentiation |
| Shh | Migration | Differentiation |
| Wnt/β-catenin | Proliferation, collagen synthesis | Proliferation, self-renew, differentiation |
| TGF-β | Proliferation, collagen synthesis | Proliferation, self-renew, differentiation, ECM perturbation |