Table 3.
Urine and blood pressure parameters in children with and without NE
| NE (mean ± SD; n, %) | No NE (mean ± SD; n, %) | Mean difference (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluid intake (L/24 h) | 0.999 ± 0.442 | 1.325 ± 0.852 | −0.064, 0.716 |
| Sodium intake (mmol) | 117 ± 59 | 300 ± 822 | −320, 685 |
| Osmolality pre-sleep (mOsm/L) | 782 ± 268 | 843 ± 279 | −137, 259 |
| Osmolality post-sleep (mOsm/L) | 929 ± 153 | 860 ± 234 | −185, 47 |
| Change in osmolality (mOsm/L) | 130 ± 217 | 28 ± 219 | −55, 258 |
| Overnight volume voided (L)a | 0.409 ± 0.181 | 0.591 ± 293 | −0.067, 0.431 |
| Overnight sodium excretion (mmol)* | 60.3 ± 29.8 | 89.4 ± 50.9 | 4.2, 53.9 |
| Average systolic z-score | 0.025 ± 0.83 | 0.065 ± 0.90 | −0.562, 0.641 |
| Average diastolic z-score | −0.052 ± 0.66 | −0.16 ± 0.61 | −0.530, 0.322 |
| Blood pressure category | |||
| Normal blood pressure | 10 (77%) | 34 (71%) | |
| Elevated blood pressure | 0 | 5 (10%) | |
| Hypertension – stage 1 | 3 (23%) | 7 (15%) | |
| Hypertension – stage 2 | 0 | 2 (4%) | |
aData are included only for children with NE who did not have an episode of NE (n = 6) on the study; given the imbalance in subject numbers, statistical comparison may not be valid.
*p < 0.05, post hoc multivariate analysis shows that history of NE is not a significant predictor of overnight sodium excretion after adjustment for age.