Table 1.
Characteristics of patients age 18+ with heart failure as the primary diagnoses – Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2014, National Inpatient Sample 2014, and National Vital Statistics System 2014
| Demographic | Emergency Department Visits | Hospitalizations | Deaths | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % (Standard error) | Weighted % (Standard error) | % | ||||
| HF N=1,068,412 |
No HF N=106,386,429 |
HF N=978,135 |
No HF N=25,398,477 |
HF N=83,705 |
No HF N=2,275,039 |
|
| Mean age in years (SE) | 71.6 (0.2) | 46.4 (0.2) £ | 72.1 (0.1) | 54.7 (0.1)£ | 83.3 (0.04) | 73.1(0.01) £ |
| Age in groups | ||||||
| 18–44 | 4.7 (0.2) | 50.7 (0.3)£ | 4.2 (0.1) | 33.7 (0.2)£ | 0.8 | 6.1£ |
| 45–64 | 25.4 (0.5) | 29.2 (0.2)£ | 24.4 (0.2) | 30.1 (0.1)£ | 7.8 | 21.8£ |
| 65–74 | 21.2 (0.2) | 9.2 (0.1)£ | 21.7 (0.1) | 16.3 (0.1)£ | 11.1 | 18.8£ |
| 75–84 | 25.4 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.1)£ | 26.1 (0.2) | 12.5 (0.1)£ | 23.7 | 23.8§ |
| 85+ | 23.3 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.1)£ | 23.6 (0.2) | 7.4 (0.1)£ | 56.6 | 29.4£ |
| Men | 51.5 (0.2) | 42.5 (0.2)£ | 51.5 (0.2) | 39.7 (0.1)£ | 43.2 | 50.9£ |
| Age sex group | ||||||
| Men and age<65 | 18.5 (0.4) | 34.1 (0.2)£ | 17.6 (0.2) | 23.7 (0.1)£ | 5.3 | 17.3£ |
| Men and age≥65 | 33.0 (0.4) | 8.4 (0.1)£ | 33.9 (0.2) | 15.9 (0.1)£ | 37.8 | 33.6£ |
| Women and age<65 | 11.6 (0.3) | 45.8 (0.2)£ | 11.0 (0.1) | 40.1 (0.2)£ | 3.3 | 10.7£ |
| Women and age≥65 | 36.9 (0.3) | 11.7 (0.2)£ | 37.6 (0.2) | 20.2 (0.1)£ | 53.6 | 38.4£ |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Medicare | 73.3 (0.6) | 25.6 (0.3)£ | 74.3 (0.3) | 41.2 (0.2)£ | NA | NA |
| Medicaid | 11.1 (0.5) | 25.6 (0.5)£ | 9.3 (0.2) | 19.4 (0.2)£ | NA | NA |
| Private | 10.3 (0.4) | 27.8 (0.5)£ | 11.6 (0.2) | 30.9 (0.3)£ | NA | NA |
| Other | 5.2 (0.3) | 20.8 (0.5)£ | 4.7 (0.1) | 8.2 (0.1)£ | NA | NA |
| Elective | NA | NA | 6.0 (0.2) | 27.2 (0.3)£ | NA | NA |
| Comorbidities identified by secondary diagnoses codes | ||||||
| Conditions affecting the lungs | ||||||
| Asthma | 7.6 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.1)£ | 8.0 (0.1) | 7.0 (0.1)£ | 0.28 | 0.38£ |
| COPD | 28.9 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.1)£ | 31.3 (0.2) | 9.4 (0.1)£ | 6.0 | 9.8£ |
| Pneumonia | 11.7 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.02)£ | 13.6 (0.1) | 4.2 (0.03)£ | 4.6 | 6.0£ |
| Cardiometabolic conditions | ||||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 40.4 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.1)£ | 46.5 (0.2) | 10.0 (0.1)£ | 4.1 | 2.8£ |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 37.8 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.1)£ | 42.9 (0.2) | 7.7 (0.1)£ | 4.4 | 4.0£ |
| Diabetes | 45.2 (0.3) | 11.3 (0.1)£ | 47.9 (0.2) | 22.6 (0.1)£ | 6.6 | 8.8£ |
| Hypertension | 70.4 (0.4) | 24.0 (0.3)£ | 72.1 (0.2) | 47.0 (0.2)£ | 19.0 | 15.0£ |
| Ischemic heart disease | 51.1 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.1)£ | 56.4 (0.2) | 15.2 (0.1)£ | 0.03 | 18.9£ |
| Stroke | 0.41 (0.01) | 0.16 (0.01)£ | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.69 (0.01)£ | 2.6 | 8.2£ |
| Mental Health Conditions | ||||||
| Dementia or Alzheimer’s | 8.6 (0.1) | 2.1 (0.04)£ | 9.4 (0.1) | 6.0 (0.05)£ | 7.3 | 15.2£ |
| Depression | 10.2 (0.2) | 6.0 (0.2)£ | 11.8 (0.1) | 14.3 (0.1)£ | 0.3 | 0.6£ |
| None of above conditions | 5.4 (0.2) | 64.0 (0.5)£ | 2.0 (0.04) | 34.0 (0.2)£ | 60.9 | 42.1£ |
£
P<0.001;
§
P<0.05; P-values for comparison of hospitalizations with or without HF, using T-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. HF= Heart Failure. Patients with primary or comorbid HF were excluded from “No HF” group.