Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample stratified by the natural course of childhood sleep-disordered breathing
| 1. No SDB (n = 248) |
2. Persistent SDB (n = 95) |
3. Remitted SDB (n = 45) |
P value | Post-hoc |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |||||
| Male sex (%) | 52.8 | 57.9 | 35.6 | .044* | .399 | .035* | .015* |
| Ethnic/racial minority (%) | 17.7 | 33.7 | 20.0 | .006* | .002* | .718 | .100 |
| adeno/tonsillectomy (%) | 8.5 | 21.1 | 4.4 | .001* | .002* | .365 | .023* |
| Baseline | |||||||
| Age (years) | 8.54 (1.64) | 8.92 (1.78) | 8.22 (1.69) | .053 | |||
| Height (cm)† | 135.14 (7.27) | 138.50 (7.89) | 135.78 (7.58) | .003* | .001* | .652 | .052 |
| Weight (kg) † | 33.84 (10.14) | 40.90 (11.11) | 36.16(10.73) | <.001* | <.001* | .070 | .017* |
| Neck circumference (cm) † | 28.44 (4.25) | 29.97 (4.39) | 28.96 (4.22) | .016* | .004* | .448 | .200 |
| Hip circumference (cm)† | 71.62 (11.97) | 77.68 (12.28) | 75.58 (11.80) | <.001* | <.001* | .039* | .336 |
| Waist circumference (cm) † | 63.95 (10.39) | 70.05 (10.62) | 66.62 (10.26) | <.001* | <.001* | .111 | .071 |
| BMI% (percentile) | 58.73 (28.35) | 71.08 (28.56) | 65.34 (27.91) | .001* | <.001* | .150 | .264 |
| Normal weight (%) | 77.0 | 54.7 | 62.2 | <.001* | — | — | — |
| Overweight (%) | 9.7 | 11.6 | 22.2 | .189 | .015* | .291 | |
| Obese (%) | 13.3 | 33.7 | 15.6 | <.001* | .425 | .060 | |
| Enlarged tonsils (%) | 34.5 | 43.2 | 50.0 | .099 | |||
| AHI (events/hour of sleep) | 0.46 (0.53) | 1.53 (1.53) | 1.45 (1.38) | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .660 |
| Minimum Sp02 | 93.43 (3.52) | 92.62 (3.84) | 90.87 (6.44) | <.001* | .100 | <.001* | .017* |
| Follow-up | |||||||
| Age (years) | 16.70(2.17) | 17.40(2.35) | 16.55 (2.28) | .021* | .009* | .688 | .036* |
| Tanner (stage) | 4.13 (0.76) | 4.28 (0.76) | 4.12 (0.98) | .263 | |||
| Height (cm)‡ | 168.61 (7.78) | 169.44 (7.89) | 166.05 (7.78) | .055 | |||
| Weight (kg) ‡ | 65.65 (16.54) | 76.88 (16.57) | 63.98 (16.37) | <.001* | <.001* | .527 | <.001* |
| Neck circumference (cm) ‡ | 35.05 (4.41) | 36.48 (4.48) | 34.57 (4.43) | .016* | .009* | .501 | .019* |
| Hip circumference (cm) ‡ | 88.42 (13.23) | 96.98 (13.35) | 88.36 (13.15) | <.001* | <.001* | .977 | <.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) ‡ | 77.82 (12.28) | 86.33 (12.38) | 76.83 (12.14) | <.001* | <.001* | .613 | <.001* |
| BMI% (percentile) | 60.79 (28.34) | 74.76 (25.28) | 61.09 (29.87) | <.001* | <.001* | .947 | .007* |
| Normal weight (%) | 74.2 | 50.5 | 71.1 | <.001* | — | — | — |
| Overweight (%) | 15.7 | 21.1 | 17.8 | .034* | .703 | .284 | |
| Obese (%) | 10.1 | 28.4 | 11.1 | <.001* | .790 | .017* | |
| AHI (events/hour of sleep) | 1.41 (1.08) | 4.04 (5.31) | 0.83 (0.58) | <.001* | <.001* | .196 | <.001* |
| Minimum Sp02 | 91.54 (5.27) | 91.31 (3.86) | 92.58 (5.25) | .347 | |||
| Change | |||||||
| ΔWeight (kg)§ | 32.96 (11.18) | 35.92 (11.50) | 28.08 (11.14) | .001* | .037* | .007* | <.001* |
| ΔNeck circumference (cm) § | 6.21 (4.72) | 7.45 (4.54) | 5.59 (4.47) | .048* | .034* | .412 | .031* |
| ΔHip circumference (cm) § | 15.81 (12.13) | 22.00 (12.24) | 14.13 12.02) | <.001* | <.001* | .392 | <.001* |
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) § | 13.66(9.13) | 17.92 (9.30) | 10.54 (9.10) | <.001* | <.001* | .036* | <.001* |
| ΔBMI% (percentile) § | 1.00 (20.47) | 6.53 (20.76) | −4.39 (20.46) | .011* | .029* | .105 | .004* |
Data are means (SD) except otherwise stated.
†
Estimated marginal means (SD) of childhood variables adjusted for sex, race and age at baseline.
‡
Estimated marginal means (SD) of adolescence variables adjusted for sex, race and age at follow-up.
§
Estimated marginal means (SD) of change variables adjusted for sex, race, age and their respective baseline value. BMI% = body mass index percentile for age and sex. Normal weight = BMI% < 85. Overweight = BMI% between 85 and 94. Obesity = BMI% ≥ 95.
*
Statistically significant at P ≤ .05.