Table III.
Path coefficients (standardized and unstandardized regression coefficient) from structural equation modeling comparing non-RHP versus RHP and non-RHP versus half-RHP on behavioral intentions related to physical activity by race/ethnic sample
| African Americans | Hispanics | Native Americans | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized regression coefficienta (S.E.) | Unstandardized regression coefficient (S.E.) | P-value | Standardized regression coefficienta (S.E.) | Unstandardized regression coefficient (S.E.) | P-value | Standardized regression coefficienta (S.E.) | Unstandardized regression coefficient (S.E.) | P-value | |
| Direct effects | |||||||||
| �1 (M1 → Y) | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.05) | 0.464 | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.146 | −0.03 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.05) | 0.639 |
| �2 (M2 → Y) | 0.62 (0.07) | 1.04 (0.14) | 0.000 | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.11) | 0.000 | 0.62 (0.09) | 0.96 (0.15) | 0.000 |
| α3 (M1 → M2) | 0.23 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.000 | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.008 | 0.24 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.000 |
| τ1 (X1 → Y)b | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.549 | 0.04 (0.11) | 0.03 (0.08) | 0.719 | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.09) | 0.828 |
| α11 (X1 → M1)b | 0.68 (0.10) | 0.59 (0.09) | 0.000 | 0.37 (0.10) | 0.31 (0.09) | 0.000 | 0.54 (0.10) | 0.45 (0.09) | 0.000 |
| α12 (X1 → M2)b | −0.24 (0.10) | −0.10 (0.04) | 0.020 | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.560 | 0.04 (0.11) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.697 |
| τ2 (X2 → Y)b | 0.06 (0.12) | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.605 | −0.05 (0.11) | −0.04 (0.08) | 0.660 | 0.06 (0.12) | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.653 |
| α21 (X2 → M1)b | 0.62 (0.10) | 0.53 (0.09) | 0.000 | 0.31 (0.11) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.005 | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.255 |
| α22 (X2 → M2)b | −0.11 (0.10) | −0.05 (0.04) | 0.290 | −0.07 (0.10) | −0.03 (0.05) | 0.483 | 0.00 (0.10) | 0.00 (0.05) | 0.970 |
| Indirect effects | |||||||||
| α11�1 (X1 → M1 → Y) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.467 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.178 | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.640 |
| α12�2 (X1 → M2 → Y) | −0.15 (0.07) | −0.11 (0.05) | 0.025 | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.560 | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.698 |
| α11α3�2 (X1 → M1 → M2 → Y) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.000 | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.039 | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.003 |
| α21�1 (X2 → M1 → Y) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.468 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.194 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.664 |
| α22�2 (X2 → M2 → Y) | −0.07 (0.06) | −0.05 (0.05) | 0.294 | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.03 (0.04) | 0.484 | 0.00 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.05) | 0.970 |
| α21α3�2 (X2 → M1 → M2 → Y) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.001 | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.058 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.276 |
Key to variables modeled: X1: RHP versus non-RHP. X2: Half-RHP versus non-RHP. M1: Identification with people in the photographs. M2: Attitude towards physical activity. Y: Intention to improve physical activity.
a
Standardized coefficient for binary predictors was standardized with respect to the outcomes only.
b
Covariates controlled in the models: current physical activity level, smoking status, general health status, number of servings of fruits and vegetables per day, age, education, gender and income.